1. Huge thanks to the devs at @RealHxro for helping me pull data for TIX contracts - really grateful for the responsive team! This is one of the first times I've been able to build out relatively liquid vol curves not only for BTC/ETH but also for alts such as LINK, UNI, and YFI.
2. As a refresher, TIX contracts can be thought of as "cash-or-nothing" options. Here's a thread explaining the details of how these products work.
3. Pricing these options is fairly straightforward as it requires us to only look at the second term of the BSM model. In this case, N(d) represents the prob of option expiring ITM and multiplying by the payoff (K) gives us the EV of this bet. Math from @EGHaug's great book.
4. The dataset has all of the inputs except the vol term so we can build a function which will converge to the market IV. Similar to finding the IV for vanilla options, there isn't a nice closed-form solution so we need to use a numerical approach.
5. For example consider: BTC TIX 2021-01-29 ABOVE $18,500

Spot = 25,823
Strike = 18,500
Days Left = 33.5
Option Type = Call
Market Price = 0.922

We can iterate across 2000 IV values and see which IV gives us the closest value to the market-price. In this case it's ~ 68.9%.
6. Despite iterating over a wide range of IV values, there were several instances where regardless of whichever IV value we chose, the model wasn't able to converge to the actual market-price. Example below...
7. The TIX mkt price is 0.36, however, after searching over various IVs, a vol of ~106% yields the closest possible price of 0.29. In this case we have a theoretical price of 0.29 vs market-price of 0.36. I'm guessing this is due to illiquidity which should smooth out over time.
8. We can run this same analysis for all of the TIX contracts across all maturities.

Let's start with BTC.
9. Here's ETH.
10. Here's UNI.
11. Here's LINK.
12. And lastly, here's YFI.
13. We can see that short-term TIX contracts are fairly well priced but there may be some opportunities to trade/arb farther-dated contracts (especially in the alt-coins) given the wider difference between theoretical vs. market price.
14. The key thing here is how we can hedge the risk of buying/selling this binary option. Theoretically, we could use a tight call-spread to replicate the binary but we need more granularity in strikes on @DeribitExchange to make this an accurate hedge.
15. Any thoughts on how you would think about trading this? Also - any ideas on the reason for the difference between theoretical vs market prices? @robbylevy @saah1lk @GammaHamma22
16. As new market-makers enter this space and these products become more liquid, I'd expect the differences will converge closer to zero. Nevertheless, it's cool to see @RealHxro is a first-mover in light exotics for alts - haven't seen this before until now!
17. Disclosure: @ledger_prime is an investor in @RealHxro.

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More from @samchepal

19 Dec
1. The recent rise in BTC spot and implied volatility has led me to re-read @SinclairEuan's book, “Positional Options Trading”. I found the chapter on volatility positions quite interesting with some useful parallels for crypto vol markets.
2. If we're shorting IV, ideally we want a strike with the largest vol premium. Although deep OTM puts tend to have the highest IV, we need to sell a lot of these options b/c their vega is low. As a result, selling these teeny options in size based only on high IV is dangerous.
3. Another method is to “sell options with the greatest dollar premium over what the option would be worth if it were priced with ATM IV". This allows us to quantify how much of the premium in dollars we are collecting in terms of skew.
Read 10 tweets
12 Dec
1. To stay in the game all option market-makers must actively manage their greeks. One of the challenging tasks is aggregating the portfolio vega across different maturities. While we can aggregate the delta/gamma/theta fairly easily, vega is trickier to manage. Let’s see why…
2. Suppose we’re a market-maker trading on @tradeparadigm with a book of three options:

Option A: Maturity = 30 days
- Short 100 contracts
- Vega = 3

Option B: Maturity = 60 days
- Long 50 contracts
- Vega = 6

Option C: Maturity = 90 days
- Long 50 contracts
- Vega = 10
3. An initial (but likely incorrect) approach to aggregate the portfolio vega exposure would be:

- Option A: -100 x 3 = -300
- Option B: 50 x 6 = + 300
- Option C: 50 x 10 = + 500

Portfolio Vega = A + B + C = +500
Read 14 tweets
14 Nov
1. It's always fascinating to see different types of exotic derivatives in the crypto space. I was pretty interested to come across @RealHxro's TIX contracts which are crypto binary options. These are similar to vanilla options but the payouts and pricing are slightly different.
2. In this analysis I viewed TIX options as "cash-or-nothing binary options". For a call, this means that at expiry if spot > strike, then you get paid out a certain amount (the odds x the amount you bet). At maturity if spot ≤ strike, the payout is 0. Vice-versa for puts.
3. Here we can see the active TIX contracts. The odds represent the amount you get paid if the contract ends in the money (spot > strike). As an example, for the $20k call, if BTC > $20k on Dec. 25th/2020, then a $1 bet would turn into $5.741. Image
Read 6 tweets
14 Oct
1. Huge thanks to @digitalbrock and his team at @Round_Block for supporting me with some very useful #BTC @CMEGroup options data for research! I've been focused mostly on @DeribitExchange in the past but CME seems to target institutional folks which should lead to new insights.
2. Given I had access to historical time-series options data, one of my first thoughts was to implement @SqueezeMetrics's paper on Gamma Exposure (GEX) and see whether this metric is relevant to crypto markets. This will be a longer and more involved post!
squeezemetrics.com/download/white…
3. Market-makers generally do not like to have exposure to the price of the underlying as their business is focused on collecting the bid-ask spread. To stay in business, option market-makers hedge their delta exposures when buying or selling options.
Read 24 tweets
5 Oct
1. This is one of the best resources I've come across for implementing emergency hedges using options in a cost effective manner. Now more than ever I think Hari's wisdom can be applied to manage risk within the crypto options space especially before things get interesting...
2. As @zackvoell mentioned in this note, #BTC 180 day rolling realized vol is at nearly a 2 year low. Vol has several characteristic features across every market - one of them is the concept of mean-reversion.
3. We may not know when, but vol tends to go back to its average long-term value. Since realized vol is so low right now, I'd be risk-averse to place large short vol trades. It feels as though things have quieted down a little too much - seems a bit off.
Read 16 tweets
2 Oct
1/ Learned a lot about variance swaps by reading through @EmanuelDerman's awesome paper. This inspired me to replicate a variance swap term structure for #BTC by using options data from @DeribitExchange. Image
2/ During my research I read about the first #BTC variance swap between @GSR_io and @BlockTower which occurred in the summer of 2019. Given the lack of public data for these swaps, the only real way to get a decent price estimate is to use a replicating portfolio of options.
3/ These variance swaps allow for traders to make outright bets on volatility^2. Instead of using options (ie: straddles), with these products there is no need to delta-hedge. The payoff is as follows:

(Realized Variance - Strike Variance) x Notional
Read 6 tweets

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