#TodayinHistory in 1987, results from the national plebiscite to ratify the new #PH 1987 Constitution came out w/ an overwhelming majority (76.3% or 16,622,111 votes) of the Filipino electorate affirming what would be the highest law of the land. THREAD. #ConstitutionDay#history
In 1986, fresh from the EDSA People Power Revolution that ousted Ferdinand Marcos & the dictatorship, the people acknowledged the leadership of Corazon Aquino to move forward when she was sworn in as #PH President by Justice Claudio Teehankee on 25 Feb.
Aquino had 3 options: (1) return to the 1935 Constitution as amended in 1939, (2) retain the 1973 Constitution that gave Marcos a cloak of legality, (3) to start w/ a clean slate by drafting a brand new constitution. Aquino chose the third option.
On 25 March 1986, Aquino issued Proclamation No. 6, instituting a provisional constitution ("Freedom Constitution"). By 23 April, via Proc. No. 9, a Constitutional Commission was formed composed of 48 national, regional, & sectoral representatives to draft the new consti.
#OnThisDay, after a national plebiscite and a great turnout showing the majority's approval of the constitution, former Justice & then ConCom President Cecilia Muñoz–Palma hands over the copy of the 1987 Constitution to Pres. Aquino.
It would be promulgated 9 days later, w/ Chief Executive, civilian authorities, & armed forces swearing allegiance to adhere to it & protect & defend it. Owing to the historical precedent of the Marcos dictatorship, there are consti safeguards put in place.
The 1987 Constitution, unlike its predecessors, empowers the #PH Supreme Court to review all official acts if there's grave abuse of discretion. Congress can't be padlocked like in 1973. And Martial Law when proclaimed is limited in duration & effect.
#TodayinHistory in 1899, amidst months of tension bet Filipino & American forces, the Philippine-American War broke out when U.S. Pvt. William Grayson fired on Filipino sentries at 8pm without provocation at Blockhouse 7 (now Sociego cor. Silencio Sts. Sampaloc, Manila) . THREAD.
Adviser & 1st head of Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo's cabinet, Apolinario Mabini, have long been suspicious of the hidden intentions of U.S. presence in #PH upon Aguinaldo's Philippine independence proclamation on 12 June 1898.
All suspicions were confirmed when, upon Spanish defeat in Manila Bay & subsequent surrender of Intramuros in Aug 1898, Filipinos were prohibited by the Americans to enter & take the city. #PH revo gov moved its capital to Malolos as more US troops arrived
#TodayinHistory in 1945, the Battle of Manila began bet. the Imperial Japanese forces & the combined U.S. & #PH guerrilla forces. Approx 100,000 civilians perished, w/ architectural wonders reduced to rubble. #Manila became the 2nd most destroyed Allied capital in #WWII. THREAD.
In 1941, Japan invaded Southeast Asia, establishing supply lines stretching from Indonesia, PH, to Japan, to bolster its imperial expansion. #PH would be under Japanese occupation until 1945.
The top leadership of the #PH Commonwealth, the 10-yr transitional gov to independence from the U.S., were whisked away to safety to Australia & then to the U.S. Soon, Pres. Manuel Quezon tirelessly pushed the U.S. to help liberate PH. He died in 1944.
#TodayinHistory in 1863, Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro, revolutionary leader & 3rd president of the revolutionary org, the #Katipunan, was born in Tondo, #Manila, #PH. Under his leadership, the Katipunan lead an all-out revolution vs. Spain beginning Aug 1896. THREAD. #kasaysayan
Born to Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro, a tailor & a housewife, Andres was born to a poor family, & eldest of his siblings—Ciriaco, Procopio, Espiridiona, Troadio, & Maxima. Upon the early death of their parents, Andres stood as breadwinner for the family.
First selling canes and paper fans, & juggling several jobs, Andres Bonifacio was employed as clerk & liaison for the British company Fleming & Co in Manila. He eventually became an agent of the company, but soon decided to switch to the German company, Fressel & Co.
#TodayinHistory in 1520, 500 years ago, in a quest to look for an alternative route to the Spice Islands, Ferdinand Magellan's (& Elcano's) expedition, via the Strait of Magellan, reached a vast calm ocean. #Magellan named it "Mar Pacifico" (Peaceful Sea) or Pacific Ocean. THREAD
Thousands of years prior, Austronesians, upon whom many of the peoples on the islands & archipelagos in the Pacific were descended, have crossed the Pacific Ocean, Earth's largest, by means of advanced knowledge in astronomy, navigation, & shipbuilding. tmblr.co/ZtGCUx2H0a06Y
This explains the flourishing of chiefdoms & sultanates in precolonial #PH, w/c have established trade relations w/ other polities & kingdoms. Tributary missions to China via the Sulu Sultanate, as 1 among many examples, prove that seas were highways for precolonial Filipinos.
#TodayinHistory in 1932, Sen. Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., leading opposition figure vs. Marcos regime & contender to Ferdinand Marcos in influence, was born in Concepcion, Tarlac #PH. His assassination upon his return to PH from exile was one of the catalyst for EDSA 1986. THREAD
As son of a controversial figure who was a cabinet member of Pres. Jose P. Laurel under the Japanese, Ninoy had much to prove. He rose to prominence as one of the promising journalists of his era.
#TodayinHistory in 1849, Spanish Gov-Gen Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa decreed that all #PH inhabitants "shall choose or be assigned" one of the surnames compiled in his "Catalogo alfabetico de apellidos." This explains why many Filipinos have Spanish surnames. THREAD.
It has often been a common misunderstanding abroad that Filipinos are a "Spanish-speaking" people for simply having Spanish surnames. While the Spanish language gained traction from colonial years up to pre-war, records show that the use of these surnames only began in 1849.
Spanish gov-gen Narciso Clavería was a governor who had a knack for order. He began his governance in 1844 & was acknowledged as a good administrator. He codified & harmonized contradictory laws, even settled conflicting local gov jurisdictions & boundaries.