This is an interesting #LongCOVID theory - that there is persistent brainstem dysfunction (likely in tangent with other immune issues like immune dysregulation, reactivation of other viruses, onset of autoimmune conditions).
A thread including some new & important papers: 1/
"Persistent Brainstem Dysfunction in #LongCOVID: A Hypothesis." Would be very curious to hear researchers' thoughts on this one! 2/
Results: a decrease in brain activity in:
-olfactory bulb
-limbic regions: memory/emotion regulation
-brainstem: autonomic functions (breathing/sleeping)
-cerebellum: motor skills/balance 3/
Paraphrasing: this is huge deal & provides objective confirmation for #LongCOVID patients. MRIs are normal, but hypometabolism is found in PET scans w' 100% classification ability to separate patients & controls. Also: symptom severity correlates w' metabolic PET severity 4/
Also find this curious bc some of the top symptoms we found in our #LongCOVID paper include changes to smell & taste, memory issues, cognitive function issues, sleep disorders, sensorimotor symptoms (esp dizziness & vertigo), breathing issues even without pulmonary issues 5/
Here is a layman's version of the #LongCOVID brain hypometabolism study (there's a decent translation in English using the google translate button)
#LongCOVID fam: it took me many conversations with patient #pwme to understand that ME is a full-body systemic illness.
"Chronic fatigue syndrome" was named by a dude who later apologized for the name's triviality. ME/CFS is as severe as LC & needs to be thought of as such. 1/
This is an *excellent* piece by @math_rachel talking about the overlap of machine learning & medicine, & where it goes wrong, capturing such a wide range of issues.
It looks at flaws/biases in medical data (pulse oximeters are less accurate on POC, diagnoses of #EDS take 4 years for men but 16 YEARS for women), ML amplifies biases rather than counteracting them, algorithms that incorrectly cut health care with no method for recourse...
2/
...ways that this has affected #LongCOVID patients (I'd add that the focus on hospitalized patients only, or respiratory symptoms only, will be a huge problem if anyone uses ML for #LongCOVID at this stage).
3/
Everyone and especially #LongCOVID folks - this is an exceptional article by @jameshamblin about the link between COVID & sleep. I didn't start getting better at all until I was able to sleep again, ~4 months in. I strongly suggest prioritizing it. 1/
It's not mentioned in here, but the glymphatic system of the brain is what clears waste and toxins from the central nervous system, and happens primarily during sleep. A faulty drainage system seems to be one theory behind post-viral illnesses. 2/ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Impaired glymphatic function has also been linked to Alzheimer's. Here's a paper that gives more detail on "cleaning the sleeping brain" 3/
While we had a few thousand more fill in the survey, this paper focuses on 3,762 #longhaulers (sick >28 days) who got sick between Dec-May (to look at an average of ~6 months of data).
Some key findings:
1/
We looked at 205 symptoms over 10 organs systems (Neuropsychiatric, Pulmonary, Head Ears Eyes Nose Throat (HEENT), Gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular, Musculoskeletal, Immunologic, Dermatologic, Reproductive/Genitourinary/Endocrine).
On average, 9 in 10 of these were affected! 2/
Of the 205 symptoms, we looked at 74 over time, looking at Weeks 1-4 and Months 2-7.
These graphs show the % of respondents who have reached each month who have these symptoms. Some of them go down (fever*, dry cough) while others don't. (*tho some have fever for months!) 3/
I don't usually do these kinds of posts, and I hope that everyone understands my intentions are good here.
But.
In a data deficient landscape like that of #longcovid, one bad data study can create narratives that persist long after new, good data is created. I want to talk 1/
about one of these.
The Kings College symptom tracker is an app. Because they track symptoms over time, it gets a lot of citations on Long Covid prevalence, and also symptom prevalence.
But there are 2 *huge* issues with it:
2/
1) Because it's an app, it gets exhausting to use, and people stop using it. This is a known and public problem, understood by Tim himself:
Spanish-speaking communities have been some of the hardest hit in the world - Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Spain, Argentina, and Chile are all in the top 12 affected countries, and the Hispanic population in the US has been disproportionately affected. Please share!
We are also excited to announce three other translations!