2. 1520: After the Battle of Raichur's victory, Raya demanded customary homage from Adilshah, after which Salabat Khan, the imprisoned Adilshahi general, would be released.
But the Adilshahi diplomat Asad Khan Lari got Salabat Khan killed treacherously!
3. 1521: On learning of the treachery, Krishnadevaraya marched into Adilshahi domains.
He delivered crushing defeats to Adilshah at Battles of Kembavi & Gobbur. He took Gulbarga too! The Raya wanted to march further into Adilshahi territory, but was advised against it.
4. 1522-23: While Krishnadevaraya was attacking Adilshah from the south, Portuguese had attacked Adilshah from the west.
The Raya sent an expedition under Saluva Timmaiah vs Portuguese. Belgaum, Salcete came under Hindu control, but the progress was halted at Ponda by Portuguese
5. 1529: Due to internal instability in Vijayanagara Empire between 1524-29, Qutbshah & Adilshah used opportunity to invade the empire, at Kondavidu & Raichur respectively. However, Adilshah retreated after getting news of Krishnadevaraya's march towards Raichur.
6. 1530: Krishnadevaraya started preparation for war with the Sultanates, alongwith provisions of heavy artillery. But, he was seriously taken ill while the preparation was in full sway.
After nominating brother Achyuta Deva Raya as successor, Krishnadevaraya passed away.
7. Portuguese traveller Domingo Paes visited Vijayanagara around 1520. According to his eye-witness description of Krishnadevaraya:-
'Krishnadevaraya was an *absolute sovereign* of strong personal influence. He commanded his immense armies in person, was *able, brave & ...
8. ...statesmanlike*, & possessed much gentleness & *generosity of character*. He was beloved & respected by all. He was gallant and perfect in all things.'
10. Throughout the reign of Krishnadevaraya, we observe that he was a very religiously-minded ruler.
Before, as well as, after his military campaigns, Krishnadevaraya made it a part of itinerary to visit & donate to temples, e.g. Shivaganga, Tirupati & Ahobilam.
11. Construction of temples:-
1513: Construction of Sri Krishna Temple (Hampi) started.
1528: The iconic temple of Laxmi Narsimha at Hampi was built, having the murti of Ugra Narsimha.
12. 1518-1524: Krishnadevaraya revised the land revenue settlement in the empire. The first known settlement was done during the reign of Harihara I, the founder of Vijayanagara Empire.
The Raya's minister Saluva Timmaiah rendered invaluable service for this revision.
14. Krishnadevaraya patronised Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, as well as Sanskrit poets.
He also patronised the Dvaita philosopher Vyasatirtha. Vyasatirtha established 'Dasakuta', a School of Bhakti, where Haridasa (Vishnu devotee) poets like Purandaradasa & Kanakadasa performed Bhajan
15. Tenali Rama, the court poet & jester, is the source of the Akbar-Birbal stories (which are fake).Tenali Rama was noted for his brilliance & wit.
Tenali Rama also authored Panduranga Mahatmyam (topic-sanctity of Pandharpur), Udbhataradha Charitamu (topic-sanctity of Varanasi)
16. This concludes the thread-series on one of the great rulers of Sindhusthan - Krishna Deva Raya.
1. This is the second-part of the thread-series on the great Maharana Kumbha.
The first part of the series described the initial half of Maharana Kumbha's reign 👇 This part will describe his encounters with Gujarat Sultan & tackling the united invasions.
2. ~1421: Maharana Kumbha was born to Maharana Mokal Singh & Sobhagya Devi.
1433: Kumbhakarna became Maharana at age of 13, after Mahipal Panwar assassinated young Maharana Mokal. Mahipal fled Mewar & took refuge with Malwa’s Sultan Mahmud Khalji aka Alauddin Mahmud Shah-I.
3. Rao Ranmal Rathore was the regent of Mewar during the initial phase of Kumbha’s rule. He destroyed the internal rebels.
1439: Maharana Kumbha told Sultan Mahmud Khalji to deport Mahipal Panwar to Mewar for exacting the revenge of the murd3r of Maharana’s father.
1508, May 4: Maharana Sanga ascended on Mewar throne.
~1512-13: Maharana Sanga attacked and captured territories of eastern Rajasthan from Sikandar Lodi’s Delhi Sultanate
3. 1515: Maharana Sanga was a proactive strategist. To expand Mewar's influence into Gujarat, he helped its deposed ruler, Rao Raimal, become ruler again.
Muzaffarid Gujarat Sultan, Muzaffar Shah II sent 2 armies to Idar. Both of them were defeated by Idar's army.
2. After Raja Martanda Varma's ascension to the Travancore throne in 1729, he adopted expansionist policies through the 1730s (interestingly enough, simultaneously as Bajirao Peshwa's policy vs Mughals in the north).
3. The expansion of Travancore into central Kerala threatened the monopoly of the Dutch in black pepper trade. Dutch commander Maten sought to warn Raja Martanda.
But, he received a warning in return, not to interfere in politics of Malabar & stay restricted to trade activities.
2. 1503 CE: Prithviraj Kachwaha ascended the throne of Amer. His reign was marked by stability and progress for the Jaipur kingdom.
3. During his reign, he cultivated marital alliances with many neighbouring Rajput states. This contributed to making Amber a major regional political player.
Even the sister of Maharana Sanga was married to Prithviraj Kachwaha, thereby uniting with Mewar under Hindu banner!
1. #Thread on Peshwa Madhavrao - the Glorious Ornament of Maratha Empire
He became Peshwa this day 260 years ago. This thread forms the 1st part of two-part series on Peshwa Madhavrao.
2. 1745, Feb 16: Peshwa Madhavrao was born.
1761, Jul 20: Madhavrao becomes Peshwa at age of 16, with Raghunathrao (paternal uncle) as co-regent with Gopikabai, Madhavrao’s mother
3. Although Nizam had been humbled at Battle of Udgir (1760), the Maratha setback at Panipat (1761) had emboldened Nizam to invade Pune in Dec 1761. Nizam's army was surrounded by Marathas near Pune, and forced to cede territory to Marathas worth 40 lakhs.