1) Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210) was a Persian Muslim polymath, Islamic scholar, and a pioneer of inductive logic. He wrote various works in the fields of medicine, chemistry, physics, astronomy, cosmology, literature, theology, philosophy, history, and jurisprudence...1/3
2) He was one of the earliest proponents and skeptics that came up with the concept of Multiverse,and compared it with the astronomical teachings of the Qur'an.A rejector of the geocentric model and the Aristotelian notions of a single universe revolving around a single world.2/3
3) Al-Razi's development of Kalam (Islamic scholastic theology) led to the evolution and flourishing of theology among Muslims. Razi had experienced different periods in his thinking, affected by the Ash'ari school of thought and later by al-Ghazali....3/3
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1) Zheng He (郑和) (d.1435), was a Chinese Muslim explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming dynasty. Zheng was a 30th generation descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H). Zheng led China to become the superpower of the Indian Ocean, in the 15th CE...1/7
2) Zheng He was a great-great-great-grandson of Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar, who served in the administration of the Mongol Empire and was the governor of Yunnan during the early Yuan dynasty. Sayyid Ajall was a 26th generation descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H)..2/7
3) Zheng He had a strong desire and religious duty to make the pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca. By successfully reaching Mecca, Zheng He was instrumental in forging ties between the Ming Dynasty and the Islamic countries of the Middle East...3/7 #Islam
1) Muḥyī al‐Dīn Maghribī (d.1283), was a Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Andalusia (Spain). He is most known for his works in trigonometry, Book on the theorem of Menelaus, Treatise on the calculation of sines. He also wrote three commentaries on Ptolemy's Almagest..1/6
2) He belonged to the group of astronomers associated with the Maragheh observatory, most notably Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. In astronomy, Muhyi al-Din carried out a large‐scale project of planetary observations, which led to the development of several new astronomical parameters..2/6
3) Before joining the Maragheh observatory, which was founded by the Mongol Ilkhanid dynasty in Iran, Muhyi al-Dīn had worked for King Nasir of Damascus. This relationship was ultimately cut short when the king was killed by the Mongols in the Siege of Aleppo conflict..3/6
1) Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (1137 – 4 March 1193), better known simply as Salah ad-Din or Saladin, was a Sunni Kurd and founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Saladin led the Muslim military campaign against the Crusader states in the Levant...1/5 #science#history#Islam
2) Ibn Jubayr wrote about Saladin. For example, he said, "There is no congregational or ordinary mosque, no mausoleum built over a grave, nor hospital, nor theological college, where the bounty of the Sultan does not extend to all who seek shelter or live in them"...2/5
3) "In those colleges, students found lodging and tutors to teach them the sciences that they desired as well as also allowances to cover their needs. The care of the sultan also granted them baths, hospitals, and the appointment of doctors"...3/5
1) The Book of Fixed Stars (كتاب صور الكواكب) is an astronomical text written by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Azophi) around 964. The book was written in Arabic, the common language for scholars across the vast Islamic territories, although the author himself was Persian...1/4 #fact
2) Al-Sufi improved upon Ptolemy’s system. Instead of two brightness categories (‘more bright’ and ‘less bright’), Al-Sufi employed three: (‘less’) (‘greater’), and (‘much-greater’). Ihsan Hafez has recorded 132 stars in Al-Sufi’s work not mentioned by Ptolemy..2/4 #science
3) Al-Sufi's results, as in Ptolemy's Almagest, were set out constellation by constellation. For each constellation, he provided two drawings, one from the outside of a celestial globe, and the other from the inside. ..3/4 #astronomie#science#fact#History