This thread caused quite a stir. Though I can't confirm these numbers (the US doesn't have accessible national data), it's an important idea. If we are indeed all supposed to "get" infected by #SARS2 sooner or later, it would be very useful to know what outcomes we are facing. 1/
Once again, I turn to the country that had multiple significant outbreaks, since the beginning collects & now releases in real-time raw data separated by the vaccination status: #Israel.
So, let's compare case fatality rates & case severe hospitalization rates.
2/
These are #Israel's totals of cases, new severe patients & deaths. I have to stress that Israel tests a lot & includes antigen tests. Their level of healthcare is among the best in the world. And importantly, they reacted swiftly & blunted the impact of both #Alpha & #Delta. 3/
That's why their all-time CFR is so low at 0,64%, or x3 below the world average. Most other countries can only dream of repeating their results.
Next, I divided the numbers before the start of the vaccination campaign & after (data available from Jan 20, 2021). 4/
We can see here vaccination campaigns (both original & booster) additionally helped CFR decrease 0,73% -> 0,55%. Nevertheless, about 28% of severe cases still die.
Subdividing the two main time-frames into shorter intervals is too brief & unfinished for meaningful conclusions. 5/
I want to point out Israel enacted a booster campaign while there were 402 new severe cases & only 48 deaths from June 15 to July 29. This remarkable decisiveness is unparalleled in the Western world. Our politicians react only when hospitals & morgues are already overfull.
6/
Now I add age subgroups, but I combined vaccinated with or without boosters, while partially vaccinated are not available.
From January 20 until September 7, vaccinated Over-60s have a CFR of 3% vs. 10,7% for the unvaccinated over the same period. 7/
For the Under-60s, in the same period, CFR is incredibly low 0,02% among vaccinated, but 0,07% in unvaccinated.
So, in both the Over-60 & Under-60 subgroups, Israel data shows that the risk of dying after the #SARS2 infection is x3,5 higher for unvaccinated! 8/
Vaccination also further amplified #SARS2 notorious disproportionality of outcomes. The difference in risk of the fatal outcome between old & young has risen from x150 to x500 when comparing vaccinated Under-60 person to an unvaccinated Over-60. 9/
Case severe hospitalization risk reduction after vaccination is also significant, almost x3 in both age groups. But, if people get into a severe condition, the benefits of vaccines diminish (34% vacc. vs. 40% unvacc.) & age matters much more again (6,7% vacc. & 8,6% unvacc.). 10/
Finally, due to extreme disproportionality of outcomes & vaccination levels, it can be misleading to look at the whole population. Taken all groups together, the general population shows no benefit in CFR. But, as I explained multiple times, it's just a mathematical quirk.
11/11
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Insurance companies, esp. life insurance, seem to be the only institutions left that still give a damn about #COVID. Why? Because they can NOT afford not to. Everyone else can just pretend the pandemic is over & #SARS2 is a mild cold, but insurers can NOT! They know it's real.
Insurers will soon be the last remaining source of #COVID data, now that governments & health care public institutions are disgracefully abandoning their duties.
For the pandemic's ongoing toll, look at the latest Group Life #COVID19 Mortality Report. soa.org/programs/covid…
Here's the direct link for the August 2022 edition. soa.org/4a368a/globala…
And the impressive list of companies contributing data for this report. I don't think anyone can accuse these companies for faking #COVID deaths & the pandemic's excess deaths in general.
So, the OPPOSITE of what the "expert" virologist Jasnah (& friends) was telling me a year ago.
"Key characteristic of FATAL #COVID19 outcomes is that the immune response to the #SARSCoV2 spike protein is enriched for antibodies directed against epitopes SHARED with ENDEMIC...
beta-coronaviruses & has a lower proportion of antibodies targeting the more protective variable regions of the spike... suggesting an antibody profile in individuals with fatal outcomes consistent with an original antigenic sin type-response." insight.jci.org/articles/view/…
"Exposure to antigens shared between #SARSCov2 & related HCoVs may affect immunity & infection outcomes as a consequence of ‘original antigenic sin’ (OAS). For OAS to manifest, antigens need to be shared between primary & secondary exposures."
In a month, we got 2 studies from TWO highly respectable teams demonstrating MHC-I downregulation in cells infected with #SARSCoV2. While conclusions are the same, results differ in the exact #SARS2 mechanism of inhibition of the presentation of expressed antigen to CD8+ T-cells.
"...we found that ORF7a reduced cell surface MHC-I levels by approximately 5-FOLD. Nevertheless, in cells infected with #SARSCoV2, surface MHC-I levels were reduced even in the absence of ORF7a, suggesting additional mechanisms of MHC-I downregulation." biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
"#SARSCoV2 ORF7a physically associated with the MHC-I heavy chain and inhibited the presentation of expressed antigen to CD8+ T-cells."
Interestingly, not observed in SARS-COV-1:
"unlike #SARSCoV2, the ORF7a protein from SARS-CoV lacked MHC-I downregulating activity."
"Head-to-head comparisons of T cell, B cell & antibody responses to diverse vaccines...
We additionally compared their immune memory to natural infection for binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, spike-specific CD4+, CD8+ T cells & memory B cells." cell.com/cell/fulltext/…
Interesting summary of differences in humoral & cellular immune memory. But, this caught my attention; mostly disregarded as an inconvenience.
"mRNA vaccines and Ad26.COV2.S induced comparable CD8+ T cell frequencies, though ONLY DETECTABLE in 60-67% of subjects at 6 months."
E.g. his is considered waning.
"100% of mRNA-1273 recipients remained positive for spike IgG, RBD IgG & neutralizing antibodies at 6-months post-vaccination.
From peak to 6-months, GMTs of spike IgG decreased 6-fold, RBD IgG 9-fold & neutralizing antibodies decreased 7-fold."
The two of the best economic blogs I've been reading for years are written by brilliant, independent individuals: calculatedriskblog.com by Bill McBride @calculatedrisk, and bonddad.blogspot.com by the anonymous blogger called New Deal Democrat.
The recent post by NDD about #SARSCoV2 illustrates the prevalent reasoning that led to the current policy blind alley.
"A year ago I thought that between nearly universal vaccinations & an increasing percentage of the population already infected...
the virus would wane into a BACKGROUND NUISANCE BY NOW.
No more. I am now thoroughly convinced that there will be an UNENDING SERIES of VARIANTS that will create CONTINUING WAVES of new infections and, increasingly importantly, RE-infections."
Oh, how long we have waited. Finally, a step forward.
"Such repeated immune activation might be mediated by a SUPERANTIGEN motif within the #SARSCoV2 spike protein that bears resemblance to Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, TRIGGERING BROAD & NON-SPECIFIC T-CELL ACTIVATION."
"We hypothesise that the recently reported cases of severe acute hepatitis in children could be a consequence of adenovirus infection with intestinal trophism in children PREVIOUSLY INFECTED by #SARSCoV2 & carrying VIRAL RESERVOIRS...
In mice... This outcome was explained by adenovirus-induced type-1 immune skewing, which, upon subsequent Staphylococcal enterotoxin B administration, led to EXCESSIVE IFN-γ production and IFN-γ-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS of HEPATOCYTES...