Pt w right HF and high probability pulmonary hypertension
TAPSE 15 mm, TRVmax 4.1 m/s, paradoxical septal motion
Renal Venous Doppler 👇
According to doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.1…, Which curve color would best describe this patient's PH-related morbidity?
Poll and 🧵👇
1/6
Which curve in the Kaplan Meier Curve above best fits this particular patient?
2/6
The Renal Doppler shown 👆 looks like a biphasic pattern. This would mean the green curve 🟢
However there is a catch.....
3/6
This is not the correct location for evaluating renal congestion
It should be done in an intra-renal vein (arcuate, interlobar) and NOT the main renal vein!
The main renal vein displays more pulsatility than intra-renal veins.
This is an example from a healthy person:
4/6
In fact, this is the actual interlobar renal vein from the case discussed.
It is definitely NOT biphasic. I would call it pulsatile.
So the answer is the red 🔴 curve!
5/6
IRV Doppler can sometimes be hard to get and can easily be misinterpreted. This is why #VExUS exists!
In this case IVC was non plethoric, hepatic and portal veins had normal flow patterns (#VExUS = 0) arguing agains a "biphasic" intra-renal venous flow!
END/
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👴 w Advanced Cirrhosis, hemorrhagic portal hypertension and hx of a heart block (w pacemaker).
Came to the ED w diarrhea 2/2 severe C. Diff.
Now in shock...
Initial resus with Norepinephrine 0.3 ug/kg/min, Crystalloid and albumin. Cr 3.8
1/7
18 hrs later, no renal improvement + oliguria.
MABP 70, CRT 2 seconds. 🧠 confused, + asterixis. No ascites or edema
Workup: hemodynamic AKI (⬆️SG, ⬇️UNa, ⬆️BUN/Cr, bland sediment)
Team wants to continue fluids, albumin and antibiotics... Dr. Harris, do you concur?
2/7
Obviously you are here for the #POCUS so here we go:
IVC: Plethoric (No subX window 2/2 intestinal air)
LV, RV: Relatively preserved systolic fx
Pacemaker lead seen causing important Tricuspid Regurgitation!
AKI Consult: 👵 ➡️ ED with severe DKA. CT Abdomen and Chest to look for infectious trigger: negative. Tx with IV insulin and balanced crystalloid + 6 L with obvious improvement. Cr was 2.7
Remained oliguric, now in sudden shock with increasing NE dose (0.5 ucg/kg/min) 🚨 1/12
#POCUS Very hyper-dynamic🫀 with increased contractility and no RV dysfunction.
🔎 Look carefully at color of flow exiting the LV:
Aliasing (green color): This means ultrasound system is trying to image an event that is occurring faster than the sample rate
2/12
This means flow is fast. But how fast? Choose the CW doppler setting and find out!
In this case acceleration was almost 6 m/s!
Flow acceleration occurs in the setting of obstruction (similar to putting your finger on the hose exit)
Pt w advanced liver cirrhosis. 🏥 Comes w worsening ascites. No fever🤒, no bleeding🩸. 🧠 ok, no asterixis. BP 91/50. Labs📈: AKI (Cr 3.0 mg/dl), UNa 7 mEq/L, bland sediment. #POCUS 👉small cirrhotic liver with significant ascites. Paracentesis ruled out PBE. 📊Poll below👇 1/11
What would your initial treatment be? 2/11
Don't treat reflexively. A thorough physical exam ♥️🩺revealed a systolic murmur at left lower sternal border. Neck exam 👇
📞 Nurse: Patient has a blood pressure of 226/118 mmHg!
📞 Resident: Nifedipine 30 mg STAT!
.....
📞 Me: About that last call, please hold Nifedipine until we assess the patient
A 🧵of some cases of Inpatient Hypertension 👇 1/15
🔎🖥️..This was a pt w ARDS on IMV. Other vitals 🆗. Previous BP= normal, no recent change in sedation, vent 🆗, no asynchronies. UOP = 0 for 2 hrs 🤔. Exam: Distended bladder!
After foley catheter change, BP normalised 😎
Why do we have this reflex to treat acute high BP? 2/15
A big component is the perceived expectation that we must do something! (In our minds, Are we trying to prevent organ injury?)
Suspected COVID-19 because of shortness of breath. Sent to the COVID-19 ED service.
No fever, no cough. No chest pain. Physical exam with patient sitting up (almost 90°):
¿Is this neck pulse arterial or venous? 1/8
Pulse is diffuse and the most striking feature is inward movement. I borrowed this table from @AndreMansoor's must-see lecture on Jugular Venous Pulse **Curiously, notice that there is a single peak instead of the expected double peak 🤔 2/8
I had to get my probe! #POCUS showed severely reduced EF with anterior wall motion abnormality and normal RV function.
EKG showed anterior ST segment changes. This was ACS! Cath lab was activated