Mia Malan Profile picture
Nov 4, 2021 11 tweets 8 min read Read on X
[Thread] BREAKING 1. Real-world @Discovery_SA data on how well #Pfizer's two-dose #COVID19 jab works in SA:

14 days to 3 months after taking the 2nd shot: :
- 94% effectiveness @ COVID-related death
- 92% effectiveness @ COVID-related hospitalisation
2. What is real-world effectiveness?

It’s data from an actual vaccine roll-out. During studies jabs = used under tightly controlled conditions. In the real world those conditions = more fluid. Real-world data = how well jabs work outside of a trial.
3. Is there a difference between the protection offered by 1 dose of the #Pfizer jab and 2 doses?

Yes.

- 1 dose = 78% effective @ hospitalisation (28 days after you’ve had a jab)
- 2 doses = 94% effective @ hospitalisation (14 days after the 2nd jab)
4. How did @Discovery_SA collect + analyse data?

1. They used the same method scientists use to measure how well influenza jabs work.
2. It’s called a test-negative design study (comparing the vaccination status of people with +#COVID19 tests to those with -#COVID tests).
5. Where does @Discovery_SA’s data come from?

All the data is from Discovery Health medical aid members collected between 17 May (start of #VaccineRollOutSA) and 23 Sep.

They analysed:
- 526,516 #COVID19 tests
- 14,673 #COVID hospital admissions
- 3,441 COVID deaths
6. Does the sex of a fully vaccinated person influence how likely they are to get hospitalised because of #COVID19?

No. Vaccinated men and women (of 18+) are equally likely to get admitted (or not admitted) to hospital.
7. Do specific chronic conditions (comorbidities, e.g. #HIV, #diabetes) influence how likely a fully vaccinated person is to get hospitalised because of #COVID19?

No, but what does matter is how MANY chronic conditions a person has (see next tweet).
8. Does the nr of chronic conditions (comorbidities) that a fully vaccinated person has influence how likely they are to get hospitalised?

Yes. People with 3 or more conditions are more likely to fall seriously ill with #COVID and be admitted to hospital.
9. How does AGE influence how likely a fully vaccinated person is to be hospitalised because of #COVID19?

People of 80+ are most likely to get admitted — but even for older people, the risk remains relatively low (protection = 88% for 80+ vs. 92-94% for all 18+).
10. Did the effectiveness of the #Pfizer jab wane over a period of 3 months (the data interval looked at)?

No. Studies that will look at waning immunity over longer periods of time in SA are being conducted.
11. Do #Pfizer jabs give people who've had #COVID19 more protection than they'd have if they relied on natural immunity only?

YES.

If you’ve had COVID + fully vaccinated, your risk of hospitalisation = 98% reduced. If you rely on natural immunity only your risk = 85% reduced.

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More from @miamalan

Jan 17
[Thread] 12 things to know about the the proportion of pregnant women infected with #HIV from SA’s latest antenatal HIV survey. The survey is conducted by the @nicd_sa.

(Analysis of our 95-95-95 goals in my next thread later in Jan).

1/12 Image
2. What is the antenatal #HIV survey?

1. It measures the % of HIV+ pregnant women between the ages of 15 + 49.
2. Only women using state pregnancy clinics take part.
3. The survey has been conducted each year between 1990-2015, then in 2017, 2019 +2022. Image
3. How many pregnant women between 15-49’s blood was tested for #HIV? 37 828 out of 40 542 collected samples.
- 37 7171 = Black African women
- 37 541 didn’t live with the dad of their child
- 35,635 of dads were 5 years+ older than moms (this makes them more likely to get HIV) Image
Read 12 tweets
Jan 10, 2023
JUST IN [Thread]:
1.@healthza's Lesley Broomberg:
An extra #COVID19 booster jab for people of 18+ in SA will become available towards the end of JANUARY
- People of 50+ qualify for a 5th dose
- People of 18+ qualify for a 4th dose
2. Lesley Broomberg: Can you mix and match with additional boosters? Yes. You can choose whether you want a #JnJ or #Pfizer booster.
3. Lesley Broomberg:
Will teens of 12-17 qualify for boosters? Not at this stage. Why not? The #VMAC = not recommended booster doses for 12-17, based on an understanding that the protection provided by 2 #Pfizer doses = adequate, as 12-17 = @ low risk of severe #COVID19 illness
Read 5 tweets
Jan 10, 2023
[Thread] #JoePhaahla:
- Genomic surveillance Network reported the detection of the new subvariant XBB.1.5 in SA of a sample of a patient tested on 22 Dec
- Details of the patient = not known, it was a random sample taken for testing
- XBB.1.5 = also common in US
2. XBB.1.5 = common in US
#JoePhaahla:
- 97%+ of #COVID19 cases worldwide = still #Omicron
- XBB.1.5 cases = no major change in hospitalisations or deaths
- Immunity of SAs (vax and natural immunity) = still strong, so that is why we haven't seen much change in terms of hospital admissions/deaths
Read 5 tweets
Dec 13, 2022
🧵1. SA's @aspenpharma will be making 4 jabs (fill + finish) — pneumococcal, rotavirus, meningococcal, hexavalent — from 2023.

How will they finance this?
With a $30 million grant from @CEPIvaccines + @gatesfoundation.

Which APIs will Aspen use?
India's Serum Institute's
2. Why is it NB that an African company makes these jabs?

#Africa imports almost all its jabs. #COVID19 showed us this results in Africa being last in line to get vaccines during pandemics. The grant to Aspen is 1 of the 1st steps to change that.
3. What's the goal?

By 2040, the African Union wants #Africa to make 60% of the jabs the continent uses.

Why?
So that Africa is better equipped 2 respond 2 outbreaks (by developing the ability to make jabs + have technology in place to also make new jabs during pandemics).
Read 6 tweets
Dec 2, 2022
🧵1. BREAKING: @SAHPRA1 has confirmed the registration of the #HIV prevention jab, #CABLA in South Africa. On Thursday, #ViiVHealthcare issued their statement. ImageImage
2. Who can use the jab? @SAHPRA1 didn't specify restrictions for use in their statement, only that it is "a highly effective option for people at substantial risk of #HIV infection." Image
3. How does the jab work? It uses an #ARV called cabotegravir that prevents #HIV from replicating and entering someone’s cells. It’s taken every two months. Read my latest story for more. bit.ly/3ER7ejq
Read 5 tweets
Dec 1, 2022
🧵1. @SAHPRA1 says it’s “days away” from announcing a decision on the registration of the #HIV prevention jab, #CABLA. The shot virtually wipes out your chances of contracting HIV through sex + needs to be taken every 2 months. bit.ly/3ER7ejq#WAD2022
2. How does the jab work? A bit like contraception, says @LindaGailBekker. “U take contraception before sex 2 prevent pregnancy. Similarly, u take the jab before being exposed 2 #HIV 2 prevent infection.” Listen 2 Linda-Gail on @bhekisisa’s #HealthBeat. bit.ly/3FjBlS8
3. What makes #CABLA work? An antiretroviral drug called cabotegravir. Some people with #HIV use it for treatment, along with other #ARVs. The drug prevents #HIV from entering your cells. bit.ly/3ER7ejq
Read 8 tweets

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