Tweet

@hellokidneyMD

@kidney_boy

@DrFlashHeart

@hellokidneyMD

@CardioNerds

This Thread may be Removed Anytime!

Twitter may remove this content at anytime! Save it as PDF for later use!

More from @ssfarouk

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

@ssfarouk

Jul 17, 2020

@Babybel

1/

Another #immunosuppression #tweetorial...spotlight today on #belatacept today

How do you say it? @Babybel @MedTweetorials

@NKOTB

2/

Belatacept is the FUSION protein that has been the @NKOTB in #kidneytransplant - having been approved for use in 2011.

What's fused?

1. Human IgG1 Fc fragment
2. Extracellular domain of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25416857/

3/

The goal of this fusion protein? Disrupt Signal 2⃣ of the 3⃣-Signal T-cell activation pathway

Signal 2 = Binding of CD28 (on T-cell) to B7-1/B7-2 (on APC)

This important step is called co-stimulation and is necessary for T-cell activation

nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…

Read 11 tweets

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

@ssfarouk

Apr 14, 2020

1/

As kidney replacement therapies (KRT) have become a strained and limited resource during the #COVID19 pandemic, here is a quick #tweetorial on how these treatments work:

What is the main mechanism by which clearance is achieved during intermittent #hemodialysis?

2/

KRT has 2 powers:
1⃣Clearance (removal of solutes, like potassium 🍌)
2⃣Volume removal 💧

...and it comes in 2 flavors:
1⃣Intermittent
2⃣Continuous

3/ How does the potassium go from 7.2 meq/L to 4 after an intermittent #hemodialysis (iHD) session?

Chemistry 101: DIFFUSION!

Solutes are cleared via diffusion as they move ⬇️ their concentration gradient across a SEMIPERMEABLE membrane

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc1301071

Read 16 tweets

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

@ssfarouk

Mar 17, 2020

@zoom_us

1/ In light of the conversion of many of our interactions to virtual experiences, a #tweetorial on @zoom_us features that may enhance your teaching/conferences/meetings etc (No COI to disclose)

Which of the following features does Zoom have?

#MedEd #COVID19 #COVIDー19

@zoom_us

2/ Answer: All of the Above

Step 1: Log into your @zoom_us profile and personalize it to activate the features you want

zoom.us/profile/setting

3/ The toolbar at the top or bottom of your screen will give you access to the Chat, Share Screen, Polling, Breakout Groups + Whiteboard

Click "Participants" to see who's in the meeting

Read 10 tweets

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

@ssfarouk

Nov 12, 2019

1/ A continuation #tweetorial from my last one introducing human leukocyte antigen (#HLA) , the cell surface antigen...

Below, let's briefly review basics of #Luminex testing & "cross-matching."

What/who is Luminex?

2/ In this #tweetorial, we'll answer 3Qs that help us assess a #kidneytransplant recipient's immunological risk:

1. Does this recipient have #DSA* (against HLA-antigens) ?
2. Can the antibodies bind?
3. Can the antibodies activate complement?

*DSA: donor specific antibodies

3/ Q1: How do know if the recipient's serum contains DSA against HLA-antigens?

A1: #Luminex testing, a solid-phase (BEAD) based assay. To perform the test, take the recipient's serum and pipette it into multiple wells - each well has beads coated with #HLA antigens...

Read 12 tweets

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

@ssfarouk

Nov 6, 2019

Starting the morning with “The Sciece of Learning” with Peter C Brown at the new #MedEd Workshop #KidneyWk

3 Big Ideas:

Additional testing may be more effective than additional studying #MedEd #KidneyWk

Spaced practice allows time for consolidation, strengthens connections, updates learning...and sleep is important! 😴 #KidneyWk

Read 5 tweets

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

@ssfarouk

Oct 27, 2019

@MedTweetorials

1/ A short #tweetorial introducing human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and typing...an important and often confusing topic in #transplantation #kidneytransplant

#FOAMed @MedTweetorials

What is an "HLA"?

2/

HLAs = cell surface proteins encoded by highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes on Ch 6 🧬

In #transplantation, HLA proteins are #polymorphic antigens ➡️ alloreactive trigger for the immune response ➡️ can ultimately lead to organ #rejection ☠️

3/ The 2 primary classes of MHC molecules are 1⃣ and 2⃣.

Class 1⃣ MHC are found on the cell surface of ALL nucleated cells + platelets. Their role is to present intracelleular peptide fragments to CD8 #Tcells

Read 8 tweets

Share this page!

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

People who liked this thread also liked...

Try unrolling a thread yourself!

More from @ssfarouk

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

Samira Farouk, MD, MS, FASN

Did Thread Reader help you today?

Don't want to be a Premium member but still want to support us?

Like this author's thread?