In July 1960, Sri Lanka elected its first female PM, Sirimavo Bandaranaike with her party, the SLFP gaining power. They intended to continue the "Sinhalisation" started by her husband.
As a result, in 1961, the Federal party launched a satyagraha as the "Sinhala-Only Act" became enforced. The protest was most famous for 200 people who blocked the entrance to the Jaffna Kachcheri.
Violence sprung across the island in multiple provinces as police clashed with protesters...
"Shoot if you must and I am ready to die" the young student tells the soldier who threatened him with death, if he did not move away.
"...The voice of the representatives of the Tamil people has been virtually silenced. The military have been let loose on the Northern and Eastern Provinces..."
For centuries, while rice cultivation in Sri Lanka existed, the country mainly relied on imports from India for it's supply. This continued even after the British took control of Ceylon in 1796 and they imposed import duties and taxes to profit off this trade and raise revenue.
However, in 1866, a massive famine struck the east coast of India killing 4-5 million people. This shortage of rice caused the price of rice to tripled in Ceylon from 6 to at most 20 shillings.
This strained poor village communities, many of which depended on this imported rice.
There is no definite origin story for the Sri Lankan New Year and most scholar point to a multitude of sources that all evolved into what we now celebrate today. But, it can be said that the modern festival originated in the 1500s during the Sītāvaka Period.
The celebration has a long history in India which likely influenced the date for the festival in Sri Lanka as both places have had a history of cultural exchange and movement for millennia.
In 1915, Sri Lanka experienced a period of unrest as the Sinhalese-Muslim riots broke out, leading to attacks on the Moor population and a suppressive British response...
In the late 1800s, Sri Lanka experience a period of Buddhist revival as many resented the encroachment of Christian missionaries, the weakening of traditional authority under British rule since 1815, and the growing Muslim culture and identity in Ceylon.
In 1912, the tension escalated when the Perahara from the Temple of the Tooth to the Mahaweli river was denied permission to play music during part of the journey by the British as it came too close to Hambaya Mohameddans’ mosque who claimed the noise would disturb worship there.