Thread by @YMehta_

#ETHANOL story we are hearing a lot and #Sugar Sector is in news as well.

In this #thread 🧵, let's see "𝗛𝗼𝘄 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗶𝘀 𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝘂𝗴𝗮𝗿 𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗮𝘃𝗲 #𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗹."

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PM Modi on 5th June, World Environment Day, announced that India has achieved 10% ethanol blending of petrol, five months ahead of schedule.

This is 4 times than in 2014, when it was just 2%.

But what is #Ethanol and why are mixing it with #Fuel?

Ethanol:

Ethanol or Ethyl Alcohol is a biofuel, it can be produced from biomass such as sugarcane, corn, etc. which have high starch content.

In India, ethanol is mainly produced from sugarcane through fermentation.

Ethanol can be mixed with petrol to form different blends which are being used as fuel.

To make ethanol, we take the help of yeast and feed it sugar in an oxygen-less environment.

When deprived of oxygen, yeast uses anaerobic respiration and instead of converting sugar into energy and Carbon Dioxide, it converts it to energy and ethanol.

This is called Alcohol Fermentation, which gives us Ethanol.

𝐵𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙:

⚡️Less Carbon Emissions:
Modiji announced that the achievement of 10% ethanol blending has reduced carbon emissions by 27 Lakh Tonne.

⚡️Farmers Income:
Boosted Farmer's Income by ₹40,000 crores in 8 years, increasing employment generation, and greater investment opportunities.

⚡️Reduce Import Dependence:
It has saved the country ₹41,000 crores in foreign exchange spending on fuel imports. India imports 85% of its oil by spending around $100 Billion in foreign reserves every year.

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙:

⚡️Loss of Forest Land:

More Ethanol use will encourage more natural habitats to be converted into farmland and may also lead to a decrease in the availability of those food sources for consumption.

In the US, 5.8% of all farmland is just used for corn cultivation to make ethanol. And in Brazil, massive sugarcane cultivation is contributing to the reduction in the Amazon Rainforest.

⚡️Other Renewables are Better:

Solar and other renewables are more cost and energy efficient. Experts believe turning to electric is more ideal.

The 1st Generation or Primary Sources of Ethanol we use include the food sources such as sugarcane or corn seeds.

To eliminate the cons related to 1G Ethanol, we can have 2G sources of ethanol, where we can produce ethanol from farm waste left after harvest like corn, cobs, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse, etc.

There is also research around 3rd generation sources of ethanol where we can source ethanol from algae grown in wastewater, sewage or salt water.

𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔:

Brazil is by far the leader in ethanol usage, where the average ethanol blending in petrol is about 48%.

But normal vehicles aren't ideal for such high content of ethanol, this is where flex fuel engines come into play, which is adapted to higher % of ethanol or even 100% ethanol.

In Brazil, 80% of all vehicles are flex fuels

𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑎'𝑠 𝐴𝑖𝑚:

PM also announced that 20% ethanol blending goal by 2025 is within reach, under the roadmap for Ethanol blending in India, 2020-25.

In Oct 2021, the govt announced an incentive to encourage sugar companies to divert excess sugar stock to producing ethanol

What does this mean for your vehicle?

Currently, petrol in #India is E10, which means 5-10% ethanol, and any vehicle manufactured after 2008 will have no issues with E10/E20.

But anything above that would need flex-fuel engine vehicles which are yet to be rolled out in India.

That's all about Ethanol Blending in Fuel.

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