Thread by @MoreauGabarain

July 2021 #mdpi
#covid19 Key Emphasis on #Melatonin Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy

"it likely that multi-tasking melatonin will provide multi-protection, maintaining its efficacy against the virus variants that are already emerging and will emerge"
mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/7…
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"Melatonin is a systemic dealer that".."brings into play its cooperative triad, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulant backbone, to stop the infective cycle of SARS-CoV-2 or any other endogenous or exogenous threat.
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"In COVID-19, the corporal propagation of
SARS-CoV-2 involves an exacerbated oxidative activity and therefore the overproduction of great amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS)."
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"The endorsement ofmelatonin as a possible protective agent against the current pandemic is indirectly supported by its widely demonstrated beneficial role in preclinical and clinical studies of other respiratory diseases.
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Keywords: #melatonin; #SARS2; #safety; #adjuvanttherapy; #mitochondria; #inflammation; #antioxidant; #circadian rhythms; clinical #trials
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"Besides pharmacological therapy, few scientific groups are working on nonpharmacological
molecules that may reduce the risk of getting infected with COVID-19."
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"Melatonin plays an important role in the regulation of different physiological functions including free radical detoxification & immune system enhancing, besides exerting direct anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, cardiovascular, & anti-diabetic effects"
8-13
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Slominski, A.; Fischer, T.W.; Zmijewski, M.A.; Wortsman, J.; Semak, I.; Zbytek, B.; Slominski, R.M.; Tobin, D.J. On the role of melatonin in skin physiology and pathology. Endocrine 2005, 27, 137–148.
link.springer.com/article/10.138…

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Tordjman, S.; Chokron, S.; Delorme, R.; Charrier, A.; Bellissant, E.; Jaafari, N.; Fougerou, C. Melatonin: Pharmacology, functions and therapeutic benefits. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 2017, 15, 434–443.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
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Anisimov, V.N.; Popovich, I.G.; Zabezhinski, M.A.; Anisimov, S.V.; Vesnushkin, G.M.; Vinogradova, I.A. Melatonin as antioxidant, geroprotector and anticarcinogen. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2006, 1757, 573–589.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16678784/
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Melatonin enhances interleukin-10 expression and suppresses chemotaxis to inhibit inflammation in situ and reduce the severity of experimental autoimmune
encephalomyelitis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2016, 31, 169–177.
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
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Oxenkrug, G.; Requintina, P.; Bachurin, S. Antioxidant and antiaging activity of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin in the in vivo
models. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2006, 939, 190–199. nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.…
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Pandi-Perumal, S.R.; & all
Melatonin antioxidative defense: Therapeutical implications for aging and neurodegenerative processes. Neurotox. Res. 2013, 23, 267–300.
link.springer.com/article/10.100…
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"At a physiological level, the synthesis of melatonin takes place during darkness in a light–dark cycle; therefore, it is described as the indoleamine of darkness and/or a chronobiotic molecule."
(15)
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Arendt, J.; Skene, D.J. Melatonin as a chronobiotic. Sleep Med. Rev. 2005
"Melatonin, hormone of the pineal gland, is concerned with biological timing."
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
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"In the last months, moved by impotence in the face of the horror caused by COVID-19, numerous researchers have emphasized the therapeutic potential of melatonin"
(17-19)
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Cardinali, D.P.; Brown, G.M.; Pandi-Perumal, S.R. Can melatonin be a potential “Silver Bullet” in treating COVID-19 patients?
Diseases 2020, 8, 44.
mdpi.com/2079-9721/8/4/…
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Reiter, R.J.; Abreu-Gonzalez, P.; Marik, P.E.; Dominguez-Rodriguez, A. Therapeutic algorithm for use of melatonin in patients with COVID-19. Front. Med. 2020, 7, 226.
frontiersin.org/articles/10.33…
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Hussman, J.P. Cellular and molecular pathways of COVID-19 and potential points of therapeutic intervention. Front. Pharmacol. 2020, 11, 1169.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32848776/
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"Melatonin functional biology is one of the best-known, and we now realize that it goes far beyond the traditional role in controlling the circadian and seasonal cycles."
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On the contrary, melatonin is currently considered a universal cell protector with signaling actions in a myriad of biochemical processes essential for cell and tissue homeostasis
(22-23)
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Luchetti, F.; Canonico, B.; Betti, M.; Arcangeletti, M.; Pilolli, F.; Piroddi, M.; Canesi, L.; Papa, S.; Galli, F. Melatonin signaling and cell protection function. FASEB J. 2010, 24, 3603–3624.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20534884/
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Cutando, A.; Lopez-Valverde, A.; Arias-Santiago, S.; De Vicente, J.; De Diego, R.G. Role of melatonin in cancer treatment.
Anticancer Res. 2012, 32, 2747–2753.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22753734/
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