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Sep 5 • 11 tweets • 6 min read
#TodayinHistory in 1972, 50 yrs ago, a bomb exploded at Joe's Department Store in Carriedo St., Quiapo, #Manila #PH. This was part of a series of bombings that would be used as reason for the proclamation of a nationwide Martial Law by Pres. Ferdinand Marcos on the 23rd. THREAD.
In late 60s to 1970, public opinion was against any prospect of Ferdinand Marcos extending his 2nd & final term. He won as the 2nd reelected #PH president in 1969 under 1935 Consti. At the time, there was push to amend the Constitution.
Protests erupted, expressing sentiment not to use ConCon to extend Marcos' term. People suspect he would be made interim Prime Minister upon change of form of gov. The protests would be known in history as the #FirstQuarterStorm. ConCon began in June 1971.
On 21 Aug 1971, at the miting de avance of the opposition Liberal Party at Plaza Miranda, for the midterm elections, a bomb exploded wounding the candidates. Marcos immediately pinned blame on the Communists & alleged LP to be colluding w/ the rebels. LP won 6 of 8 Senate seats.
In 1972, as ConCon & protests went on, a series of bombings began in Manila. As one senator commented: "the bombings had all been timed for maximum publicity and nothing more." The 1st was at Arca Bldg, Pasay, on the night of March 15. Witnesses saw two men riding in tandem.
As September approached, the bombings became more frequent & devastating. #Onthisday, at Joe's Department Store in Carriedo (at the time part of Manila's main commercial center), the bomb exploded. A woman died, as 38 other individuals were gravely injured.
On the same day, in the ConCon, the topic was the “Ban-Dynasty Resolution” proposed by delegate Ramon Diaz in the draft consti, prohibiting a past president to occupy the same office, or serve as Prime Minister. The prohibition is extended to the spouse & relatives.
Other bombs would explode w/ 1 to 2-day gaps—on the Manila City Hall, San Miguel Corp in Makati, San Juan water mains. The Good Earth Emporium, near Joe’s Dept Store had an undetonated bomb (a small bar of soap w/ a timer, 3 matchsticks, and a blasting cap).
On Sept 18, a bomb exploded in a restroom near the hall where the ConCon convened. ConCon Delegate Jose Nolledo issued a statement that they saw a group fleeing after the explosion. Several eyewitnesses described them as military men.
This bombing was one of the 20 bombings cited in Proclamation No. 1081 putting the entire country under Martial Law, implemented at midnight of Sept 23, and announced in the evening.
Photos:
- Editorial cartoons were from the Philippines Free Press, by cartoonist E.Z. Izon.
- All images from the Presidential Museum & Library

For @subselfie.
@jmnualla
@tonitiemsin

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More from @indiohistorian

Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Sep 6
#TodayinHistory in 1834, due to financial losses, by royal decree, the Real Compañia de Filipinas was abolished, with the Spanish administration finally opening its farthest colony, the Philippines, to world trade. THREAD. #PH #history Image
With the lucrative Manila-Acapulco Galleon trade for almost 250 years, much of the agricultural & industrial potential of #PH was neglected, as Spain focused on profit thru the galleons. This also bred smuggling & corruption among the merchant class.
The Spanish aversion to agricultural/mechanical work was an opportunity taken on by migrant Chinese. This neglect came w/ unintended positive consequence: it saved Filipinos from the exploitation of colonial plantation system & slavery rampant in other Spanish colonies.
Read 9 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Aug 26
#TodayinHistory in 1903, Act No. 854 (Pensionado Act), was signed by US Gov-Gen W.H. Taft, allowing the US Insular gov in #PH to sponsor qualified Filipinos to study as scholars in the United States. This was but part & parcel of U.S. colonial apparatus on PH.

THREAD. #history
After ceding #PH as territory in Dec 1898 from Spain thru the Treaty of Paris, & defeating Filipino forces in the Philippine-American War, the United States set out to cement its control of PH w/ carrot-&-stick policy of "Benevolent assimilation."
Part of colonial apparatus was to woo Filipinos by opening civil gov positions to them, & flinging American education access doors wide open to Filipinos—an attempt to remake #PH in U.S. image. The coming of the Thomasites in Aug 1901—approx 600 U.S. teachers—began this project.
Read 11 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Aug 25
#TodayinHistory in 1601, the Colegio de San Jose was established by the Jesuits in Manila (#Intramuros) #PH. It is now known as the San Jose Seminary, located inside the Ateneo de Manila University campus in Quezon City. THREAD. #Kasaysayan #History
The Society of Jesus (known as Jesuits), a religious order in the Catholic Church, was founded by Ignatius of Loyola and approved by the Pope in 1540. In the backdrop of the Protestant Reformation, the Jesuits were instrumental in the Counter-Reformation efforts in Europe.
The #Jesuit order arrived in #PH from Mexico in 1581 led by their Superior, Antonio Sedeño. From his group's pioneering efforts, Jesuit mission stations & schools were established. Sedeño founded the Universidad de San Ignacio in #Intramuros in 1590.
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Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Aug 2
#TodayinHistory in 1882, Monte de Piedad y Caja de Ahorros de Manila (Mount of Piety & Savings Bank of Manila), the oldest savings bank in #PH, began its operations. It was 1st in the Philippines to offer loans to the poor w/ moderate interest. THREAD
#banking #kasaysayan
Since the end of the Galleon trade in 1815, #PH economy under colonial administration was forced to diversify. While there were gains in this shift, it caused disparities among wage-earners in colonial Philippines, w/ its effects being felt until 1880s.
Domestic textile, for ex., couldn't compete w/ foreign imports. Low wage earners became susceptible to diseases & unemployment. To alleviate these problems, the funds from Obras Pias (religious charitable foundations linked to the Galleons) was redirected to establish...
Read 11 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Aug 1
#TodayinHistory in 1944 & in 2009, two #PH presidents died respectively—President Manuel L. Quezon, while in exile in Saranac Lake, New York, & President Corazon C. Aquino, in Makati City. The former died while in office, the latter, after her term. THREAD. #history
With the Japanese invasion of the Philippines & entire Southeast Asia in December 1941, Quezon & select members of his Cabinet moved the seat of gov to Corregidor. After months, knowing imminent defeat, they were urged to escape. They left in March '42.
Quezon established the Commonwealth gov-in-exile in Washington, D.C. while campaigning for the U.S. reprioritization of the liberation of #PH under the Japanese. While doing so, his Tuberculosis worsened. The U.S. Joint Resolution 95 extended his term.
Read 10 tweets
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Jul 22
#TodayinHistory in 1815, Apolinario de la Cruz (or Hermano Pule), revolutionary religious leader, was born in Lucban, Tayabas (now Quezon province). Founding the Cofradía de San José, he led a short-lived revolt vs. Spanish gov in pursuit of religious freedom. THREAD. #history
Not much could be gathered on De la Cruz's early life. However, at the early age of 15, he had resolved to commit himself to monastic life. Being an "indio", he was refused, so he settled for being a lay brother (donado) at San Juan de Dios Hospital.
He became a member of the Cofradía de San Juan de Dios affiliated w/ the hospital. First introduced by Jesuits, religious sodalities (like these cofradias) sprouted in the provinces, holding prayer vigils & supporting charities, w/c were organized by Filipinos.
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