🧵Vladimir #Putin is unlikely to overcome fundamental structural challenges in attempting to mobilize large numbers of Russians to continue his war in #Ukraine.
Our September 25 report examines those challenges, their roots, and their impact on the war: isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
2/ The “partial mobilization” #Putin ordered on September 21 will generate additional forces for Russia but inefficiently and with high domestic social and political costs. isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
3/ The forces generated by this “partial mobilization,” critically, are very unlikely to add substantially to the Russian military’s net combat power in 2022. isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
4/ Putin will have to fix basic flaws in the Russian military personnel and equipment systems if mobilization is to have any significant impact even in the longer term. isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
5/ However, Putin's actions thus far suggest that he is far more concerned with rushing bodies to the battlefield than with addressing these fundamental flaws. isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
6/ The Russian Armed Forces have not been setting conditions for an effective large-scale mobilization since at least 2008 and have not been building the kind of reserve force needed for a snap mobilization intended to produce immediate effects on the battlefield.
7/ The Russian military tried to move to an all-volunteer basis amid the 2008 financial crisis and failed to make the transition fully, instead ending up with a hybrid model blending conscripts and professional soldiers.
8/ A reduction in the mandatory term of service for conscripts made Russia’s reserves less combat-ready, and the prioritization of a professional force/de-prioritization of conscript service likely translated into an erosion of bureaucratic structures required for mobilization.
9/ There are no rapid solutions to these problems, which stem in part from long-standing unresolved tensions in the Russian approach to generating military manpower. isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
10/ Indeed, Putin has already conducted at least four attempts at mobilization in the last year, likely draining the pool of available combat-ready (and willing) reservists ahead of the “partial mobilization.”
The #Kremlin’s planned annexation of occupied #Ukraine may take place before or shortly after October 1, the start of #Russia’s normal fall conscription cycle, to enable the forced conscription of Ukrainian civilians to fight against Ukraine. isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
If it does, the #Kremlin will likely order the Russian Ministry of Defense to include Ukrainian civilians in occupied and newly annexed Ukrainian territory in the Russian conscription cycle, broadening the forced mobilization of Ukrainian civilians to fight against #Ukraine.
ISW has previously assessed that one motivation for Putin to order mobilization and annexation in concert with one another is to broaden the forced mobilization of Ukrainian civilians...
1/ The #Kremlin is deflecting blame for the Russian government’s failure to abide by its own stated criteria for mobilization and exemptions onto the failing bureaucratic institutions responsible for the mobilization. isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
2/ The Kremlin is downplaying the widespread violations as individual errors of local authorities, claiming to correct these errors as citizens call attention to them. But the violations are too common to be merely the result of individual errors, as Russian citizens clearly see.
3/ Unlike Russian failures in #Ukraine, which the #Kremlin has been able to minimize or deflect because its citizens cannot see them directly, violations of the mobilization decree are evident to many Russians. isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
"#Russia will mobilize reservists for this conflict. The process will be ugly, the quality of the reservists poor, and their motivation to fight likely even worse."
2/ Despite these significant shortcomings, "the systems are sufficiently in place in Russia to allow military commissars and other officials to find people and send them to training units and thence to war." isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
3/ "But the low quality of the voluntary reserve units produced by earlier mobilization efforts is likely a reliable indicator of the net increase in combat power Russia can expect to generate in this way." isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
ISW identified several key inflections in ongoing military operations and #Russian force generation efforts on September 25. /1 isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…
The #Kremlin’s “partial mobilization” continues to hastily press thousands of men across Russia into military service but remains unlikely to generate effective combat power. /1 isw.pub/RusCampaignSep…