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Sep 27 • 10 tweets • 6 min read
#TodayinHistory in 1865, Filipino revolutionary general, Miguel Malvar, one of the last generals to surrender to the Americans in the Philippine-American War, was born in Barrio San Miguel, Santo Tomas, #Batangas #PH.

THREAD. #history #kasaysayan
Born to Maximo Malvar & Tiburcia Carpio, Miguel was educated early via his hometown's school. Soon, he was mentored by Valerio Malabanan, one of the great teachers of Batangas who offered pro-bono services in Tanauan.
Malvar was a skilled businessman. After making a name for himself in the local sugar industry, his business thrived as was his influence in the community. He was even given P1,000 as seed money by Saturnina Rizal, Jose Rizal's oldest sister, to help his enterprise.
Malvar was soon elected gobernadorcillo of Santo Tomas. His stand as town leader made him earn the ire of the Spanish curate. In 1896, as Katipunan leader, he led battles vs. the Spaniards in Talisay, Zapote, Indang, Bailen, Magallanes, & Alfonso.
In 1897, w/ the revolutionary leaders' voluntary exile via the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, Malvar went to HK in early 1898. Following Aguinaldo's return, Malvar went back to #PH in June 1898 w/ 2,000 rifles.
He was put in charge of the command of the Filipino forces in southern Luzon. With the outbreak of the Philippine-American War on 4 Feb 1899, Malvar led the Filipino forces in Muntinlupa, San Pedro Tunasan, Calamba, & Cabuyao.
His forces reinforced those of Gen. Juan Cailles, & aided the forces of Gen. Artemio Ricarte in defense of Laguna amidst American advance.
Even after the U.S. captured Aguinaldo in 1901, & subsequent surrender of the other Filipino generals, Malvar was resolute in continuing the fight. To sever Malvar's supplies, the U.S. employed reconcentration policies that caused suffering on communities.
On 16 April 1902, seeing the futility of the fight, w/ his troops' resources greatly diminished, he surrendered to U.S. Gen. Franklin Bell. After the war, he went back to farming. When offered to run as Batangas governor, he respectfully refused.
Photos:
- Portrait of Gen. Miguel Malvar, @NHCPOfficial Miguel Malvar Museum Collection
- Malvar, undated, fineartamerica.com

For @subselfie.
@jmnualla
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More from @indiohistorian

Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Sep 28
#TodayinHistory in 1901, at the town plaza of #Balangiga, Samar #PH, Company C of the U.S. 9th Infantry Regiment was ambushed by the Filipino townspeople for the abuses on them. This would be known as the Balangiga Massacre. The Americans would retaliate excessively. THREAD. ImageImage
The 1st #PH Republic, the 1st republic in Asia, capitulated when the Americans captured Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo at Palanan, Isabela on March 1901. Following the capture, prominent Filipino generals surrendered one by one as the PH-US War came to an end.
Meanwhile, the Company C of the 9th U.S. Infantry Regiment, who also fought in the capture of Manila from the Spaniards in 1898, was assigned to a small town in Samar, called Balangiga, and having arrived there in August 1901, engaged w/ the locals.
Read 13 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Sep 27
That tweet of Junior about Henry Kissinger reminded me of this memo Kissinger sent to POTUS when Martial Law was declared in #PH in 1972.

“As to our position, I believe we should refrain from comment on Marcos’ action, regarding it as a Philippine matter.” #ML50 #MartialLaw50 ImageImageImage
“President Marcos’ ambition to hold onto the Presidency after his constitutional limit of two terms runs out at the end of next year is well known.” - Kissinger 1/2
“In this context, and as his first-term lustre as a reform president has dulled, he has constantly underlined the deteriorating security situation as posing a need for a strong leader and improved discipline.” - Kissinger 2/2
Read 4 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Sep 6
#TodayinHistory in 1834, due to financial losses, by royal decree, the Real Compañia de Filipinas was abolished, with the Spanish administration finally opening its farthest colony, the Philippines, to world trade. THREAD. #PH #history
With the lucrative Manila-Acapulco Galleon trade for almost 250 years, much of the agricultural & industrial potential of #PH was neglected, as Spain focused on profit thru the galleons. This also bred smuggling & corruption among the merchant class.
The Spanish aversion to agricultural/mechanical work was an opportunity taken on by migrant Chinese. This neglect came w/ unintended positive consequence: it saved Filipinos from the exploitation of colonial plantation system & slavery rampant in other Spanish colonies.
Read 9 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Sep 5
#TodayinHistory in 1972, 50 yrs ago, a bomb exploded at Joe's Department Store in Carriedo St., Quiapo, #Manila #PH. This was part of a series of bombings that would be used as reason for the proclamation of a nationwide Martial Law by Pres. Ferdinand Marcos on the 23rd. THREAD.
In late 60s to 1970, public opinion was against any prospect of Ferdinand Marcos extending his 2nd & final term. He won as the 2nd reelected #PH president in 1969 under 1935 Consti. At the time, there was push to amend the Constitution.
Protests erupted, expressing sentiment not to use ConCon to extend Marcos' term. People suspect he would be made interim Prime Minister upon change of form of gov. The protests would be known in history as the #FirstQuarterStorm. ConCon began in June 1971.
Read 11 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Aug 26
#TodayinHistory in 1903, Act No. 854 (Pensionado Act), was signed by US Gov-Gen W.H. Taft, allowing the US Insular gov in #PH to sponsor qualified Filipinos to study as scholars in the United States. This was but part & parcel of U.S. colonial apparatus on PH.

THREAD. #history
After ceding #PH as territory in Dec 1898 from Spain thru the Treaty of Paris, & defeating Filipino forces in the Philippine-American War, the United States set out to cement its control of PH w/ carrot-&-stick policy of "Benevolent assimilation."
Part of colonial apparatus was to woo Filipinos by opening civil gov positions to them, & flinging American education access doors wide open to Filipinos—an attempt to remake #PH in U.S. image. The coming of the Thomasites in Aug 1901—approx 600 U.S. teachers—began this project.
Read 11 tweets
Kristoffer Pasion Profile picture
Aug 25
#TodayinHistory in 1601, the Colegio de San Jose was established by the Jesuits in Manila (#Intramuros) #PH. It is now known as the San Jose Seminary, located inside the Ateneo de Manila University campus in Quezon City. THREAD. #Kasaysayan #History
The Society of Jesus (known as Jesuits), a religious order in the Catholic Church, was founded by Ignatius of Loyola and approved by the Pope in 1540. In the backdrop of the Protestant Reformation, the Jesuits were instrumental in the Counter-Reformation efforts in Europe.
The #Jesuit order arrived in #PH from Mexico in 1581 led by their Superior, Antonio Sedeño. From his group's pioneering efforts, Jesuit mission stations & schools were established. Sedeño founded the Universidad de San Ignacio in #Intramuros in 1590.
Read 12 tweets

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