Thoughts on the #BankofEngland intervention… 🧵

The Bank will carry out *temporary* purchases of long-dated UK government bonds from 28 Sep to 14 Oct to stabilise the market.

The purchases ‘will be carried out on whatever scale is necessary’, but are *strictly time-limited*…
At the same time, the #MPC is pausing the start of active #QT (i.e. selling bonds bought under #QE) until 31 Oct.

This might be reviewed depending on economic and market conditions, but the annual target of £80bn of sales is unchanged, so this is a delay rather than a U-turn...
In my view, this is a sensible and proportionate response.

Of course, it would be better if this hadn’t been necessary, but the aim was to lower gilt yields and the intervention has worked: 30-year yields have fallen by one full percentage point (!) today...
Even after this intervention, financial conditions are still much tighter than before the mini-Budget. This is technically more ‘QE’, but only on a very limited basis, so should not be inflationary.

It should also help to put a floor under the #pound and UK equities...
It makes far more sense for the Bank to intervene in the bond market than the currency market.

The fall in the #pound is still mainly about dollar strength. Sustained turmoil in the bond market is potentially much more dangerous for financial stability and the real economy...
This sort of intervention is highly unusual, but other major central banks have stepped in to stabilise bond markets before, and the ECB will probably have to do so again soon. But none of this will stop the usual suspects from gleefully writing this up as negatively as they can!
In the meantime, the Bank’s intervention gives the government more breathing space to flesh out its supply-side agenda and the medium-term fiscal plan, which should also help to restore market confidence.
Ps. today's intervention was mainly about financial stability, not monetary policy.

The #MPC should still set official interest rates at whatever level they think is necessary to bring #inflation back under control. But a more stable #pound might take some of the pressure off.

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More from @julianHjessop

Sep 24
Reflections on the morning after - and especially the markets… 🧵

It may well take some time for the dust to settle on #KwasiKwarteng’s first #Budget (yes, 'Budget’: if it looks like a duck, walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, then it’s fair to call it a duck)...
The initial reaction from most economic commentators and in the financial markets has been a loud boo! There are some things I would have done differently. But the overall strategy is sound, and sentiment should recover as the economic benefits become clearer...
There are two aspects I particularly liked. One is the emphasis on breaking the ‘doom loop’ of weak economic growth and rising taxes, both with tax cuts and – at least as importantly – structural reforms on the supply-side...
Read 16 tweets
Sep 6
Some thoughts on the proposed #energy bill freeze... 🧵

Based on media reports, the idea is to cap the unit cost of energy by subsidising suppliers so that they do not have to pass on higher wholesale prices in full, either to households or to businesses… (1/10)

#energycrisis
On the plus side, this would lift the huge cloud of uncertainty which is now hanging over the whole economy. The peak in #inflation would also be much lower.

With this plan in place, the new government can score a big 'win' and quickly move on to other priorities... (2/10)
But this is another huge intervention which will distort markets even further, mainly help higher users of energy, and could be very expensive.

Consumers will still have some incentive to reduce bills by using less energy, but much less than if prices were free to adjust. (3/10)
Read 10 tweets
Aug 11
A few features of the #energy market that Gordon Brown (and his many fans here) don't seem to understand... 🙄

1. Energy suppliers are not the ones making big profits. None of his ideas - including #nationalisation - would reduce the prices they have to pay in global markets.
2. The Ofgem price cap is already based on an assessment of the ‘actual costs’ of supplying energy, including a small profit margin. As such, the cap already forces suppliers to ‘keep prices down’...
3. North Sea oil and gas profits are already taxed at a headline rate of 65%. Raising this even further - in an ad hoc way, and retrospectively - would send a terrible signal to all businesses thinking of investing in the UK.
Read 5 tweets
Jun 9
A quick 🧵 on the potential economic impact of the rail strikes.

In short, not a game-changer, but certainly another blow the UK could do without... 🙄 (1/5)

#RailStrikes
Unions must give warning, so there is some time to make alternative plans.

The series of 1-day #strikes (Tue 21, Thur 23, Sat 25) might be less disruptive than a single, prolonged stoppage, because some customers may be able to reschedule their use during the breaks... (2/5)
Some of the costs to the economy could also be reduced by ‘home working’, and by the diversion of leisure spending to other activities.

Nonetheless, there will be significant disruption to passenger traffic, and possibly to freight, including supplies of essential goods... (3/5)
Read 5 tweets
Mar 22
The UK government borrowed about £5bn more than expected in February, as higher debt interest costs offset a rise in tax revenues.

But favourable revisions to past months mean that borrowing is still on track to undershoot the OBR forecast for FY 2021-22 by about £24bn... (1/4)
Looking forward, rising #inflation will keep debt servicing costs high. But OBR analysis (Box 3.2 Oct EFO) has already shown that an inflation shock is likely to reduce borrowing overall, thanks to the boost to revenues, even with much larger hikes in interest rates... (2/4)
#Inflation will surely reduce the burden of #debt relative to national income, especially with real interest rates likely to remain low - even negative - for the foreseeably future.

Indeed, debt has already fallen to 94.7% of GDP, from a recent peak of more than 100%. (3/4)
Read 4 tweets
Jan 14
Just updated my UK #GDP forecasts with today's data... 🤓🧵

Some key points and international comparisons

1. UK economic growth in 2021 is likely to be just shy of 7½%, 1% higher than assumed in the October Budget and 3% higher than the consensus at the start of last year... 👍
2. This means that the UK was almost certainly the fastest growing G7 economy in 2021.

Many like to dismiss this as a 'dead cat bounce' after the relatively large fall in 2020. But the UK still did much better than expected, even taking account of this favourable base effect...
3. To illustrate this, this chart compares different vintages of the OECD's forecasts for last year.

In December 2020 the OECD expected the UK to grow by 4.2% in 2021, and to be outpaced by France and Italy. This turned out to be the biggest forecast error for any G7 economy...
Read 10 tweets

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