Javier Gonzalez Profile picture
Oct 11 ā€¢ 8 tweets ā€¢ 4 min read
Do doses of fat respond the same way as glucose?

A šŸ§µ 1/8

#metabolism #fat #nutrition #diet
This time, the measure of interest is the level of fat in the blood (triacylglycerol; aka TAG)

When fasted, levels of TAG are low (left)

High levels of TAG make the plasma part of blood look cloudy/turgid (right)

2/8
In contrast to glucose, the more fat eaten in a meal, the higher the level of TAG

Does the type of fat matter?

3/8
Not really, most fats show a similar response.

What about if we increase intake of all macronutrients?

4/8
In this study by @AaronHengist people ate pizza šŸ• until comfortably full, or ate as much as they could tolerate

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32248846/

5/8
TAG levels were slightly higher when eating maximally, but less that would be expected given the doubling of fat intake.

Why so?

6/8
The additional carbs and protein stimulated insulin secretion (fat has little effect on insulin secretion).

Why is this relevant?

7/8
Insulin plays a key role in fat metabolism by:

1) suppressing fatty acid availability to the liver (precursors for TAG released by the liver as VLDL)

2) directly suppressing VLDL secretion

3) stimulating clearance of TAG by adipose tissue (by stimulating LPL)

End 8/8

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More from @Gonzalez_JT

Oct 7
Which fuels do human foetuses use?

This may surprise you... (1/5)šŸ§µ
First, how do we even know what the human foetus uses as a fuel?

The amount of carbon dioxide released relative to the amount of oxygen used (aka RER or RQ) is a good marker of fuel use.

But how can this be measured in a human foetus?
2/5
With some clever techniques, scientists in 1927 sampled blood from arteries delivering blood to the foetus and veins draining blood from the foetus

By measuring the O2 & CO2 concentrations, RQ could be calculated
3/5

doi.org/10.1016/S0002-ā€¦
Read 5 tweets
Oct 3
Which of these will produce the biggest blood sugar response?

75 g glucose alone

75 g glucose + 7.5 g fructose?

šŸ§µ 1/8
Adding 7.5 g fructose to 75 g glucose reduces the blood glucose response.

Since this is more total carbohydrate ingested with 75 g glucose + 7.5 fructose why is the blood glucose response lower? 2/8

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11134101/
I'll get to that in a moment, but I assume people may also want to know if this effect holds true in people with type 2 diabetes?

Yes it does.

Lower glucose and insulin responses when fructose is added to an oral glucose tolerance test 3/8

diabetesjournals.org/care/article/2ā€¦
Read 8 tweets
Oct 2
Q: Which of these would produce biggest the blood sugar response?
(i.e., biggest change in glucose concentration)

Answers below (1/8) šŸ§µ #glucose #health #metabolism
Have a guess here before reading on to find out if you are right... (2/8)
A: There is no meaningful difference (at least in healthy people) - data from: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28684634/

How can 75 g glucose (3 times more) not increase glucose more than 25 g?

(3/8)
Read 8 tweets
Sep 28
Have a guess what these people did at timepoint 0-300 mins in this study.

The read the šŸ§µ to find out if you are right... (1/7)
A reasonable guess would be that they ate some carbs at 0 min and then stopped eating because glucose dropped to fasting levels by hour 3.

That isn't what they did here...(2/7)

Study šŸ”—: journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.11ā€¦
Led by @27CJ
These people were consuming A LOT of carbs throughout 5 h šŸ­

1.5 g CHO/kg body mass/h
= 560 g of pure carbs over the 5 hours
equivalent to ~1.5 kg of cooked pasta! šŸ

So how come their glucose levels were not sky high? & why is glucose at 3-5 hours back at fasting levels? (3/7)
Read 7 tweets
Sep 5
Thanks for the guesses.

A: Exercise!

Group 1: Trained
Group 2: Untrained

Thread šŸ§µ 1/9

#exercise #glucose #metabolism
Here is the original figure

Note the remarkable increase in glucose immediately after intense exercise (110% VO2 max)

So whats going on here?
2/9
Luckily the authors applied tracer methods to understand rates of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) of glucose

Whilst exercise did increase Rd (lower panel) Ra increased much more ( and even more so in trained athletes)
3/9
Read 9 tweets
Aug 31
Great to see this new research out in @IJSNEMJournal led by @timpodlogar

A šŸ§µ to give a bit more background...

#cycling #LaVuelta22 šŸššŸŒšŸšµ
1/13
Athletes commonly train almost everyday (and sometimes multiple times a day), so carbohydrate stores are often being depleted and need replenishing.

A goal of a pre-competition breakfast is to keep carbohydrate stores (glycogen) topped up
2/13
This is particularly important as our carbohydrate stores are relatively limited (vs fat stores).

journals.lww.com/acsm-essr/Fullā€¦

Yet carbs are essential for maintaining prolonged, high-intensity (top-end) performance.
3/13
Read 13 tweets

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