2) How AT1 Bonds are different from traditional Bonds?
a) Higher Risk
AT1 bonds are considered to be high-risk investments as they are designed to absorb losses in the event of a bank's financial distress.
Interest Payments in AT1 Bonds
AT1 bonds often have non-cumulative coupons, which means that if the bank misses an interest payment, it is not obligated to make it up in the future.
3) Why Investors want to buy AT1 bonds even with greater risk?
i) AT1 bonds typically offer higher yields compared to other bonds.
ii) AT1 bonds can provide investors with a way to diversify their portfolio
4) Who can issue AT1 Bonds in India?
In India, AT1 bonds can be issued by scheduled commercial banks, small finance banks, and payment banks.
5) Why banks wants to issue AT1 bonds?
a) By issuing AT1 bonds, banks can raise additional capital without diluting the ownership of existing shareholders.
b) Diversification
c) AT1 bonds typically have lower cost of capital compared to equity.
This is because issuing equity involves giving up ownership in the bank, which can be expensive in terms of the potential dilution of existing shareholders.
6) Who are allowed to buy AT1 Bonds in India based on RBI guidelines?
As per RBI guidelines, the following entities are allowed to invest in AT1 bonds in India:
- Scheduled Commercial Banks
- All India Financial Institutions (AIFIs)
- Insurance Companies
- Pension Funds
- National Pension System (NPS) Trust
- Mutual Funds
- Alternate Investment Funds (AIFs)
- Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) within the limits set by SEBI
- NRIs on a non-repatriable basis
- Qualified Foreign Investors (QFIs) within the limits set by SEBI
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Margin Call: When a company's shares go down below a preset value that can cover the bank's loan value, the bank will ask for more money or shares as a guarantee that the loan will be paid back.
If the business owner is unable to meet the bank's request for additional funds or collateral, the bank has the authority to sell the pledged shares on the stock market to secure repayment of the loan.
When the demand for a bond increases, its price goes up, leading to investors buying bonds at a premium and ultimately resulting in a decrease in yield or return.
2) Central banks may increase short-term interest rates to control inflation or cool down an overheating economy.
Investors may opt for fixed deposits with banks as they offer a more attractive rate of return, causing a decline in demand for existing shorter-term bonds.
2) What is the connection between Foxconn and Apple?
Foxconn is one of Apple's largest manufacturing partners that produces a wide range of products including iPhones, iPads, MacBooks, and other Apple devices.
3) What types of products does Foxconn manufacture?
Mainly 4 types:
a) Smart Consumer Electronics: Smart Phones/Wearables