#TodayinHistory in 1595, by decree of King Philip II of Spain, #Manila was made capital city of Spain's colony in the Far East. This gave special privileges & rights to the city, similar to the key cities in the Spanish Empire. It further cemented #Manila as seat of gov in #PH. Image
Twenty four years prior, the Spanish colonial city of Manila was built from the ruins of the old precolonial settlement on the same site, along the south bank of the Pasig River where the river's mouth open to Manila Bay.
With the site of the city alongside the bay which served as natural harbor protected by the peninsulas of Bataan & Cavite, & as major port for merchants since precolonial times, it functioned as the Spanish seat of power since its founding in 1571.
Due to the city's importance as a permanent & defensible foothold of Spain in the archipelago, the city walls (made of adobe) & moat were constructed beginning 1589 under the Spanish engineer Leornardo Iturriano, w/ labor from the Chinese & Filipino workers.
Thus it garnered the Latin name, "Intramuros" (within the walls). The #PH center of political & religious power under the Spanish crown was seen in the bldgs at the city's main plaza— the Manila Cathedral (center), the Palacio del Gobernador (right), & the Ayuntamiento (left). Image
From within the city, the 🇪🇸 gov-gen used to administer #PH, Guam, Palau, & the Marianas, reporting to the Spanish Viceroyalty of Mexico. Aside from the brief British occupation of the city, it had been the preferred capital of 🇪🇸🇺🇸🇯🇵 colonial govs in PH.
Photos:
- "De Stadt Manilha" (1665) by Johannes Vingboons
- "Plaza Mayor de Manila" (1847), from @BNE_biblioteca

For @subselfie. @jmnualla @tonitiemsin

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More from @indiohistorian

21 Nov
#TodayinHistory in 1849, Spanish Gov-Gen Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa decreed that all #PH inhabitants "shall choose or be assigned" one of the surnames compiled in his "Catalogo alfabetico de apellidos." This explains why many Filipinos have Spanish surnames. THREAD. ImageImage
It has often been a common misunderstanding abroad that Filipinos are a "Spanish-speaking" people for simply having Spanish surnames. While the Spanish language gained traction from colonial years up to pre-war, records show that the use of these surnames only began in 1849.
Spanish gov-gen Narciso Clavería was a governor who had a knack for order. He began his governance in 1844 & was acknowledged as a good administrator. He codified & harmonized contradictory laws, even settled conflicting local gov jurisdictions & boundaries.
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20 Nov
#TodayinHistory in 1645, Colegio de Santo Tomas was elevated to university status by virtue of Pope Innocent X's In Supreminenti. The institution therefore became Universidad de Santo Tomas (@UST1611official). It added "pontifical university" on its title. THREAD. ImageImage
In 1611, the institution was official founded upon Spanish King Philip II's granting of its Document of Foundation. Years prior, Domingo de Salazar, Miguel de Benavides, and other pioneering Dominicans worked to est. the learning institution.
Its first campus was in #Intramuros, beside the original Santo Domingo Church in the Walled City. A second campus, a larger one, was built in Sampaloc, #Manila. During #WWII, the Intramuros campus was destroyed, while the Sampaloc campus survived. ImageImage
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20 Nov
On the so-called "Leni worship," this thread.
One has to distinguish bet a fanatical herd-like, no-questions-just-follow, hate-spewing, personality-centered cult worship, vs. a distinctively diverse, critical but appreciative, & supportive following.

This isn't it, Rappler. It's as if u never learned from the last 4 years.
Ito na lang para malinaw: Noong nagpapicture si VP Leni sa isang holocaust monument, isa ako sa nag-call out sa kanya. Nakinig siya at nag-apologize. Kung DDS 'yun at si Duterte ang gumawa nun, ipagtatanggol nila iyon kahit anong mangyari. Pag nag-apologize siya, babaligtad sila.
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6 Nov
#TodayinHistory in 1574, Lakandula, chief of Tondo, & Raja Soliman, after accepting Spanish sovereignty years prior, mounted a revolt vs. the Spanish governor, Guido de Lavezaris, for not honoring the pact they had w/ his predecessor Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. THREAD. #PH #history
Back in 1571, it was Lakandula of Tondo who first welcomed the Spaniards, on behalf of Raja Matanda & his heir Soliman of Manila. Lakandula became the mediator, leading to the eventual acceptance of Spanish sovereignty.
This led to the founding of the Spanish colonial city on the site of Soliman's burnt down settlement, #Intramuros (Manila) on 24 June 1571, known now as "Araw ng Maynila."
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5 Nov
#TodayinHistory in 1898, "Canton de Isla de Negros" (Cantonal Republic of Negros) was est. in Bago, Negros Occ. #PH, by revo generals Juan Araneta & Aniceto Lacson. This shortlived gov would be merged w/ other revo govs in Visayas to form the Estado Federal de Bisayas. (THREAD)
In 1895, in Tondo, Andres Bonifacio recruited Francisco del Castillo of Cebu & Candido Iban of Capiz, both cane-cutters of Negros, to the Katipunan. The two became valued members of the underground revolutionary org, even leading the revolution in Aklan & Capiz respectively.
In early 1898, even prior to the resumption of #PH Revo upon Emilio Aguinaldo's return from exile, revolutionary movements have been assembled in Panay, & quietly in Negros. Upon the proclamation of independence on 12 June 1898, unity was a challenge.
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4 Nov
#TodayinHistory in 1896, Carlos P. Garcia, 8th President of the Philippines, was born in Talibon, Bohol #PH. He completed the last 8 months of Magsaysay's presidency after Magsaysay's untimely death, & won the 1957 presidential elections. THREAD. #history Image
Carlos Polistíco Garcia was born to Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polístico, a couple who hailed from Abra. As a migrant family to Talibon, his father eventualy became municipal president (mayor) of Talibon for four terms under the American colonial regime.
Garcia was an achiever. He topped his classes, pursuing undergrad studies in @silliman_u, & Law in Philippine Law School & later on, in @NationalUPhil. In 1923, he was top 7 in the #PH Bar. He became congressman & then governor of Bohol, then senator until the outbreak of #WWII.
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