Critical care requirements peaked at 5 times the usual capacity.
Hospitals managed to increase ICU capacity by 3-fold.
Heroic but, sadly, insufficient.
The healthcare system collapsed. Not everybody who needed critical care received it.
3/
If 50% of the elderly had been vaccinated, critical care requirements still would have peaked at almost 4 times the usual capacity.
Greater than the ICU capacity of any country in the world.
Only a prolonged lockdown could return ICU requirements to normal.
One last thing:
4/
Madrid has now >20% seroprevalence so ICU requirements under uncontrolled transmission would be lower than in 2020,
but
we underestimated ICU needs: we used a conservative definition of critical patient and didn't include nursing home residents who never reached hospitals.
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@ProfMattFox 1/
The odds ratio from a case-control study is an unbiased estimator of the
a. odds ratio in the underlying cohort when we sample controls among non-cases
b. rate ratio in the underlying cohort when we use with incidence density sampling
No rare outcome assumption required.
@ProfMattFox 2/
Because the odds ratio is approximately equal to the risk ratio when the outcome is rare, the odds ratio from a case-control study approximates the risk ratio in the underlying cohort when we sample controls among non-cases and the outcome is rare.
But...
@ProfMattFox 3/
... for an unbiased estimator of the risk ratio (regardless of the outcome being rare), we need a case-base design, not a classical case-control design.
Of course, all of the above only applies to time-fixed treatments or exposures.
1/ We recently confirmed the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine outside of randomized trials @NEJM. nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
Studies like ours are being used to promote a vaccine passport to travel in the US, UK, and European Union.
A few clarifications are in order.
2/
Before we start, a disclaimer:
Vaccine passports involve complex ethical, economic, and political considerations.
Here I talk exclusively about scientific issues. The goal is that those making decisions have a better understanding of what we do and do not know as of today.
3/ Based on our study, we can say confidently that the vaccine is highly effective in preventing you from getting sick with #COVID19.
Based on our study, we can't say confidently that the vaccine is highly effective in preventing you from getting infected and infecting others.
2/ Porque las cifras oficiales cuentan como UCI cualquier cama donde se puede instalar un respirador:
quirófanos, salas reanimación postquirúrgica, unidad coronaria, UCI pediátrica...
Y no cuentan que el 70-75% de UCIs de verdad suelen están ocupadas en periodos no pandémicos.
3/ Así que el número de personas ingresadas en UCI por #COVID19 en Madrid es mayor que el número de camas reales de UCI en cada hospital.
Por ejemplo:
"La Paz" tiene 30 camas de UCI y 31 ingresados por COVID-19
"12 de Octubre" tiene 24 camas de UCI y 34
ingresados pr COVID-19