1.
#Thread on Maharajadhiraja Krishna Deva Raya - Part 2

This part covers the later part of his reign, his eulogies & the glory attained by Vijayanagara Empire.

The 1st part covers the initial part of the reign.
2.
1520: After the Battle of Raichur's victory, Raya demanded customary homage from Adilshah, after which Salabat Khan, the imprisoned Adilshahi general, would be released.

But the Adilshahi diplomat Asad Khan Lari got Salabat Khan killed treacherously!
3.
1521: On learning of the treachery, Krishnadevaraya marched into Adilshahi domains.

He delivered crushing defeats to Adilshah at Battles of Kembavi & Gobbur. He took Gulbarga too! The Raya wanted to march further into Adilshahi territory, but was advised against it.
4.
1522-23: While Krishnadevaraya was attacking Adilshah from the south, Portuguese had attacked Adilshah from the west.

The Raya sent an expedition under Saluva Timmaiah vs Portuguese. Belgaum, Salcete came under Hindu control, but the progress was halted at Ponda by Portuguese
5.
1529: Due to internal instability in Vijayanagara Empire between 1524-29, Qutbshah & Adilshah used opportunity to invade the empire, at Kondavidu & Raichur respectively. However, Adilshah retreated after getting news of Krishnadevaraya's march towards Raichur.
6.
1530: Krishnadevaraya started preparation for war with the Sultanates, alongwith provisions of heavy artillery. But, he was seriously taken ill while the preparation was in full sway.

After nominating brother Achyuta Deva Raya as successor, Krishnadevaraya passed away.
7.
Portuguese traveller Domingo Paes visited Vijayanagara around 1520. According to his eye-witness description of Krishnadevaraya:-

'Krishnadevaraya was an *absolute sovereign* of strong personal influence. He commanded his immense armies in person, was *able, brave & ...
8.
...statesmanlike*, & possessed much gentleness & *generosity of character*. He was beloved & respected by all. He was gallant and perfect in all things.'

#Hindutva
9.
During 1516-17, Krishna Deva Raya undertook a pilgrimage of the southern India.

Route:- Srisailam – Tirupati – Kalahasti – Kanchi – Chidambaram – Srirangam – Madurai – Nagarcoil – Srivilliputtur – Kanyakumari – Rameshwaram (Dhanushkodi) – Srirangapatna – Gokarna – Hampi.
10.
Throughout the reign of Krishnadevaraya, we observe that he was a very religiously-minded ruler.

Before, as well as, after his military campaigns, Krishnadevaraya made it a part of itinerary to visit & donate to temples, e.g. Shivaganga, Tirupati & Ahobilam.
11.
Construction of temples:-

1513: Construction of Sri Krishna Temple (Hampi) started.

1528: The iconic temple of Laxmi Narsimha at Hampi was built, having the murti of Ugra Narsimha.
12.
1518-1524: Krishnadevaraya revised the land revenue settlement in the empire. The first known settlement was done during the reign of Harihara I, the founder of Vijayanagara Empire.

The Raya's minister Saluva Timmaiah rendered invaluable service for this revision.

#Economy
13.
Raya's Sanskrit literature:- Madalasa Charitra, Satyavadhuprinanambu, Sakala Kathasara Sangraha, Suktinaipunigrana Chintamani, Rasamanjari, Jambavati Kalyana (Sanskrit play)

Raya's Telugu literature:- Amuktamalyada

#Sanskrit #Telugu #Literature
14.
Krishnadevaraya patronised Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, as well as Sanskrit poets.

He also patronised the Dvaita philosopher Vyasatirtha. Vyasatirtha established 'Dasakuta', a School of Bhakti, where Haridasa (Vishnu devotee) poets like Purandaradasa & Kanakadasa performed Bhajan
15.
Tenali Rama, the court poet & jester, is the source of the Akbar-Birbal stories (which are fake).Tenali Rama was noted for his brilliance & wit.

Tenali Rama also authored Panduranga Mahatmyam (topic-sanctity of Pandharpur), Udbhataradha Charitamu (topic-sanctity of Varanasi)
16.
This concludes the thread-series on one of the great rulers of Sindhusthan - Krishna Deva Raya.

#Hindutva #VijayanagaraEmpire #History #Krishnadevaraya

Thread-series 👇

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More from @HindutvaItihas

1 Jun
1.
#Thread on Maharajadhiraja Krishna Deva Raya of the mighty Vijayanagara Empire.

One of the most enlightened & powerful Hindu rulers of Bharatvarsha, his reign will be described in this 2-part-thread-series.

This is the 1st part.
#VijayanagaraEmpire #Hindutva #History
2.
1509, Aug 17: Krishna Deva Raya was coronated on the occasion of Krishna Janmashtami. He signalised it by building the Eastern Tower of Sri Virupaksha Temple.

At the time of coronation, Vijayanagara's political condition was not stable. Two aggressive Muslim Sultanates ...
3.
... had cropped up at the empire's northern frontier - Adilshahi (Bijapur) & Qutbshahi (Golconda). In addition, the Portuguese had landed in India ~11 yrs earlier in 1498.

1509: Mahmood Shah II, the Bahmani Sultan, had started a practice of 'annual j1had' in 1501.
Read 15 tweets
26 May
1.
#Thread on Veer Savarkar's definitions of Hindu, Hinduism, & Hindutva.

Many people seem to be confused about the terminology.

To aid in solving the confusion, let's look at how Veer Savarkar dealt with the terms, in his book *Essentials of Hindutva* (pub. - 1923)

#Hindutva
2.
The initial sections of the book itself contains a section titled 'Hindutva is different from Hinduism'!

But how exactly? ⏬

*Hinduism is a subset of Hindutva. Hindutva doesn't just deal with religious creeds, religious/spiritual history.*
3.
Firstly, Veer Savarkar takes up critical discussion to define the term 'Hindu'.

As per the discussion, Veer Savarkar observes that, the word Hindu can be formed from Sanskrit 'S' -> Prakrit 'H' transformation in the word 'Sindhu'
Read 14 tweets
25 May
1.
#Thread on the great Gupta Emperor Samudragupta

Samudragupta built a strong foundation for the Golden Age of India, ushered in by the Gupta Empire.

#GuptaEmpire #History #GoldenAgeOfIndia #Hindutva
2.
Samudragupta was the son of Chandragupta I & Kumaradevi (Lichchavi Princess)

320 CE: Samudragupta is coronated after Chandragupta I nominated him as successor. The Allahabad inscription, which presents comprehensive details about reign of Samudragupta, describes it thus 👇
3.
The Allahabad inscription describes first the complete subjugation of kings of the northern India, with his capital at Pataliputra.

In the first phase of Samudragupta's conquests, the territories of current UP, Bihar & some parts of West Bengal were annexed.
Read 16 tweets
19 May
1.
#Thread on the Campaign of the Marathas against Portuguese.

This is the 3rd part of the thread-series on the Portuguese campaigns. The series 👇 #Hindutva #IndicVictory
2.
We now take a look at the decisive phase of the campaign:- *Capture of Vasai*

1737, Jun 9: An attempt was made to capture Vasai Fort in the initial phase. a company of 4000 Maratha soldiers attempted to scale Vasai Fort with ladders.
3.
Unfortunately Portuguese soldiers got to know movement of Marathas, & they opened fire on them.

Marathas persisted in their efforts to scale the fort but the heavy Portuguese gun fire made impossible for the Marathas to scale the fort.
Read 15 tweets
18 May
1.
#Thread on the Campaign of the Marathas against Portuguese.

This is the 2nd part of the thread-series on the Portuguese campaigns. The series 👇

#Marathas #Portuguese #Hindutva #IndicVictory
2.
1737, Mar: According to the Maratha records, preparation of the Maratha offensive on Portuguese started in the second half of March 1737. Chimaji Appa sent a team of commanders - Chimnaji Bhivrao, Ramchandra Hari Patwardhan - to Sashti Island
3.
Two separate teams were made to launch offensive attacks on Sashti island & Vasai. First team was commanded by Shankaraji Keshav Phadke & the other by Khandoji Mankar.

Under the command headed by Chimaji Appa, a team headed by Khandoji Mankar w/ Honaji Balkawade entered Thane
Read 19 tweets
15 May
1.
#Thread on the Maratha campaigns against the Portuguese, which culminated in the Maratha Victory 282 years ago, on 16 May, 1739.

This thread will explore the reasons & background for the campaigns. (Chimaji Appa, prime mover of the campaigns 👇)
2.
Marathas have lived the Shlok 2.37 of Bhagvad Geeta throughout the 2-year-long Campaign.

"O son of Kuntī, either you will be killed on the battlefield & attain the heavenly planets,or you will conquer & enjoy the earthly kingdom. Therefore, get up with determination & fight."
3.
Religious atrocities of Portuguese:-
Religious persecution of Hindus in the western coast was one of the main reasons for the Vasai Campaign. Fanatical zeal of Portuguese rulers is well known.
Read 21 tweets

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