Happy to announce that my article in IJMES is now open access (free to read). Digital De-Citizenship: The Rise of the Digital Denizen in Bahrain cup.org/3cgeo36 cc @QNLib@HBKU@CHSS_HBKU#Bahrain
"Beyond autocratic Bahrain, democratic states such as the UK & the US enable and abet the erosion of digital citizenship. The global surveillance industrial complex, less regulated than the arms trade, although no less insidious, has profited enormously from the Bahrain uprising"
"Perhaps the most striking notion of this is the dystopian potential of a civil society simulacrum, one in which online performances of citizenship are neatly orchestrated by autonomous accounts to give the illusion of a functioning and healthy public sphere" #disinformation
"The web is only a performative space for the neoliberal and loyal citizen, who does not exceed the boundaries determined by a top-down desire to portray Bahrain as an oasis of stability. ...cont..."
"....The digital realm has become functional, a means of facilitating transactions, enabling bureaucracy, and validating identity in the smart cities of the future. It is no longer the heterotopia that it once was. "
"Playing on the now ubiquitous “social distancing,” antisocial distancing is the process of separating humans from each other to diminish human interaction and militate against collective “social” action...cont..."
Perhaps this is all part of Gulf futurism, “the isolation of individuals via technology, wealth . . . the corrosive elements of consumerism on the soul and industry on the earth.”
"Much of what was articulated both on- and offline early in the uprising represented the expression of a radical form of citizenship and reimagining of the Bahraini nation as a democratic constitutional monarchy devoid of sectarian and familial rule. " #Bahrain
"When the regime sought to fragment the opposition through the implementation of a sectarian divide-and-rule policy, #Bahrainis pushed back and mobilized online to assert unity between Sunni and Shi‘a, as well as between the different factions of the opposition. "
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2/6 It starts with accounts tweeting the suspicious hashtag in isolation (why would you tweet a deliberately nonsensical hashtag spontaneously unless it was co-ordinated?) Graph shows tweets (i.e. not RTs, mention etc) in green starting off the activity
3/6 Almost all the tweets that begin the hashtag are sent from iphone (see turqouise colour). Again, multiple accounts, tweeting a strange hashtag in isolation, using the same devices)
Summary, there is a network of around 629 sockpuppet accounts using 'chopped hashtags' to drown out a hashtag advertising a broadcast from Saudi dissident @oamaz7
2/8 As this screenshot shows, the original hashtag promoting broadcasting of @oamaz7 is بث عمر عبد العزيز while the chopped hashtag takes four consecutive consonants from the middle of the hashtag: مر عب
3/8 As with similar networks, the accounts do not generally interact with each other. The fact they are tweeting the same nonsensical chopped hashtag 'independently' of each other with few RTs indicates it is co-ordinated sockpuppet activity.
[Thread] 1/4 Around 1956 sockpuppets tried to disappear a hashtag critical of MBS, translated as "The loser MBS". In Arabic this reads as #المهزوم_مبس .
The same chopped hashtag technique was used, with #وم_مب trending. Again, see the two screenshots #Disinformation
2/4 As with before, most of the accounts are not interacting with each other and are using Twitter Web Client
Graph below show lots of isolated accounts tweeting on the hashtag but not interacting with each other.
2/ Around 15 March the hashtag "what do we benefit from the Vision ((2030))" was active. In Arabic this reads as #ماذا_استفدنا_من_الرؤية . This trend was critical of the money being spent in pursuit of Saudi's 2030 vision, and critical of MBS. See examples >
3/ Special attention needs to be paid to the first part of this construction "ماذا_" (matha_) which is the Arabic pre-verb question particle 'what'.
There has been increasing trend of using partial hashtags to displace critical ones by using chopped hashtags. See below...
2/10 It's definitely the same photo, same hair same shirt, same everything - although the one on the right has been photoshopped with a smile and juicier beard...
3/10 However, the guy on the left is Dave Sharma, a very nice (I imagine) music teacher at Prelude Music Foundation, a setup designed to transform the lives of under-served children around Houston.