#Macroscope: Weekly Snapshot

1⃣ Tapering: Divergent views
- Bullard wants taper to start in fall/Sep21, end by Q1’22, Delta temporary
- Brainard, possible Fed Chair, wants to see Sept jobs data (out on 8 Oct) to judge progress
- Overall Dec’21 announcement remains base case
1/10 ImageImage
2⃣ Virus
▪️ US cases further up; Delta now >80% of cases but more localized where vaccination remains low
▪️ "experts don't expect Delta to cause nationwide surge like winter wave"
▪️ To watch school re-opening
▪️ Herd immunity threshold probably pushed up, vaccination key
2/10 ImageImage
▪️ Drop in UK cases encouraging
▪️ China virus situation worst since Wuhan last yr; while absolute number still small, worth monitoring
▪️ Israel with 57% vaccination seeing rising "hospitalized cases but more serious condition significantly delayed"

3/10
scmp.com/news/china/pol…
3⃣ CFTC COT FX Positioning:
▪️ 6th consecutive week of reduction in long EUR position (since Jun FOMC)
▪️ Short AUD added ahead of RBA tomorrow
▪️ Long CAD further reduced - close to neutral now
▪️ Short JPY now stands out as largest Long USD equivalent followed by short AUD
4/10 ImageImage
4⃣ #Australia RBA MPC 3 Aug
▪️ NSW & Victoria represent bulk of new cases, forced into lockdown
▪️ QE A$ 5bn/wk to 4bn/wk till Nov – mkt already pricing chance tapering would be deferred
▪️ If looks beyond recent lockdowns, sticks to taper timeline=>AUDXXX can retrace higher
5/10
5⃣ #China slowdown theme continues
▪️ Enough discussed about recent regulatory crackdown & few mkt calming comments from authorities
▪️ Both Official (50.4) & Caixin Mfg (50.3) PMI continued to ease off, lower than expectations, barely in expansion zone

6/10 ImageImage
6⃣ #FX last week
▪️ DXY -0.5% but reasonable divergence within FX
▪️ JPY best (+0.65%), EUR, GBP, CAD also up
▪️ AUD worst (-0.55%), NZD, NOK also in red
▪️ Non-Asia EM did well: ZAR, TRY, COP, HUF, CZK +>1.0% v/s USD
▪️ TWD, PHP best in Asia, CNH again failed above 6.5000

7/10
#AUD, still in downtrend, interesting ahead of RBA in backdrop of China-driven nervousness
▪️ Dovish surprise=>could pierce thru 7300 support => would completely unwind reflation pricing since Nov'20
▪️ Should wait for >7415 for any clear sign of revival of reflation theme
8/10 Image
▪️ #Dollar had been disconnected with Equities & Real rates but few now looking for catch up of EUR & JPY with recent collapse in US real yields ▪️ A bumper Friday NFP (>1000k, BBG +900k) could put that off with renewed USD bid with calls for Sept tapering announcement

9/10 Image
7⃣ $550 bipartisan Infrastructure Bill likely to be passed by Senate this wk but may be held back in House unless Budget Resolution ($3.5trn Dem-only) also cleared by Senate

Senate vote by itself not a massive market mover but worth watching this space

bloomberg.com/news/articles/…

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More from @VaradMarkets

4 Aug
#DiveIn: Collapse in Term Premium TP

▪️ TP negative again after being positive for most of 2021
▪️ Excess yield investors require/receive to commit to holding L/T bond instead of series of S/T bonds has turned negative
▪️ Investors now willing to pay extra to hold L/T bonds
1/10 Image
With 10y UST yield at 1.18% & TP at -0.10% => 1y yield is expected to avg ~1.28% over next 10 yrs

Term Premium?
▪️ Compensation investors demand for risk that S/T yields do not evolve as expected
▪️ 10y Nominal = expected path of S/T yield over next 10 yrs + Term Premium TP
2/10 Image
▪️ Negative TP => investors willing to accept lower yield on L/T bond to avoid risks of rolling over their investments in series of S/T bonds with uncertain fluctuating interest rates

Thus higher Rates Volatility usually implies higher TP

Chart: ACM TP v/s MOVE Index
3/10 Image
Read 11 tweets
4 Jul
#Dollar = '#Fiat' Money?

Article rightly highlights QE just as asset swap & that Money is created by Bank lending, not Fed, it also revives interesting debate arguing Dollar not Fiat but Credit money

What exactly is Fiat/Paper money? Two definitions:
1/7
ft.com/content/5e5b2a…
'Fiat' Money:
1⃣ Into existence because of authoritative decree/sanction/order; no Intrinsic value
2⃣ Not convertible to or backed by other asset or commodity (Nixon Gold Std 1971; Britain 1931)

1⃣ Decree:
Dollars/Money = IOU 'I owe you' from Central Bank CB to Economy =

2/7
=Liability of CB=>‘Credit’ Money
But Dollar/Money = special IOU that everyone in Economy trusts. So yes, we take credit risk on US Govt when we trust Dollar=>‘Credit’ Money

But while there may not be an authoritative decree behind Dollar (so not ‘Fiat’ from that angle)...

3/7
Read 7 tweets
2 Jul
US #Employment Disconnect?

⬆️ Stronger NFP 850k vs 720k exp; 583k prev
v/s
⬇️ Higher Unemployment 5.9% vs 5.6% exp; 5.8% prev

To add to @jasonfurman:
Chart: Household Survey (Employment) historically more volatile than Establishment Survey (NFP)


1/5 Image
U3 v/s U6:
Well noted by @AndreasSteno; while normal Unemployment Rate U3 rose (5.8%=>5.9%), U6 fell (10.2%=>9.8%)

U3 = Total Unemployed / Civilian Labour Force
U6 = (Total Unemployed + marginally attached + employed part time for eco reasons) / CLF

2/5
ImageImage
#U3
5.9% vs 3.5% (Feb'20) vs 14.8% (Apr'20 peak)

#U6
9.8% vs 7.0% (Feb'20) vs 22.9% (Apr'20 peak)

Both are still some distance away from pre-pandemic level but U6 has shown more consistent improvement than Official U3

3/5 Image
Read 6 tweets
28 Jun
#FX CFTC Positioning: Large short-USD position reduction post FOMC

▪️ Largest USD buying since mid-2018 v/s EUR
▪️ ~$5.85 bn USD bought vs G10 FX => mostly long EUR & GBP reduction & short JPY addition
▪️ Long EUR positioning ~half of Aug'20 peak but still double its 4yr avg
1/4 ImageImage
▪️ Post FOMC's perceived hawkishness, short USD position reduction expected
▪️ Mkt still holding onto Long CAD, Short JPY, Long GBP
▪️ Interesting jump in Long CHF position => possibly reduced Long EUR/Short CHF, increased Long CHF/Short JPY

2/4
▪️ Addition to short MXN positions (as of 22 Jun) but that was before Banxico surprise rate hike on 24 Jun
▪️ Interestingly, while USDMXN had large retracement from post-pandemic highs (25.00 to 20.00), haven't seen any large Long MXN position buildup yet

3/4 Image
Read 4 tweets
15 Jun
Three largest Asians may end up with early tightness:
▪️ #China: Never went too accommodative to start with + credit tightening
▪️ #India: Inflation surge may force RBI's hands
▪️ #Korea: BoK increasingly hawkish

KRW 2y IRS +17bp since May MPC
INR 5y NDOIS +11bp post CPI yday ImageImage
BoK's recent hawkishness => rates sell off (higher yld) v/s Received rates positioning:
🔹 'Normalization should not be put off too much'
🔹 'Rapid debt rise may hurt consumption'
🔹 'Should secure policy room for future issues'
🔹 'Inflation may accelerate faster than expected'
India: Inflation surge

Key to see how RBI interprets the CPI data - transitory or persistent?

Read 4 tweets
13 Jun
#China Credit Tightening?

▪️ Aggregate Financing AFRE or Total Social Financing TSF growth slowed to 11% yoy May v/s 11.7% Apr
▪️ Renminbi RMB Loan growth inched down to 12.2% yoy May v/s 12.3% Apr
▪️ Optically Broad Credit YoY charts look scarier than they actually are

1/9 ImageImage
▪️ To start, target Fiscal Deficit 3.1% in 2021 v/s over 3.6% in 2020 => bound to be fiscal tightening by design
▪️ AFRE outstanding stock indeed points to recent marginal slowdown relative to post-COVID trend
▪️ But AFRE stock still above more longer term (4yr) trend

2/9 ImageImage
▪️ Credit did tighten in 2021 v/s exceptional surge in 2020 (base effect) but 2021 still ahead of pre-COVID yrs of 2017-19 => better call it credit 'normalization'
▪️ Govt completed only ~25% of 2021 bond issuance in first 5m of yr => backloaded => likely pickup in H2'21

3/9 Image
Read 9 tweets

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