'In 1926 there arose a controversy as to who really won the third battle of Panipat, fought in 1761.
It was contended for the Muslims that it was a great victory for them because #AhmadShahAbdali had 1 lakh of soldiers while the Marathas had 4-6 lakhs. The Hindus replied that it was a victory to them—a victory to [the] vanquished—because it stemmed the tide of Muslim invasions.
The Muslims were not prepared to admit defeat at the hands of Hindus, and claimed that they will always prove superior to the Hindus. To prove the eternal superiority of Muslims over Hindus, it was proposed by one Maulana Akbar Shah Khan
of #Najibabad in all seriousness, that the #Hindus and #Muslims should fight, under test conditions, fourth battle on the same fateful plain of Panipat. The Maulana accordingly issued a challenge to Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya in the following terms:
"If you #Malaviyaji,are making efforts to falsify the result at Panipat, I shall show you an easy and an excellent way. Use your well-known influence & induce the #British Government to permit the #fourthbattleofPanipat to be fought without hindrance from the authorities.
I'm ready to provide a comparative test of the valour & fighting spirit of the Hindus & the Musalmans. As there are 7 crores of Musalmans in India, I shall arrive on a fixed date on the plain of #Panipat with 700 Musalmans representing the 7 crores of #Muslims in India &
as there are 22 crores of #Hindus I allow you to come with 2,200 #Hindus. The proper thing is not to use cannon, machine guns or bombs: only swords & javelins & spears, bows & arrows & daggers should be used.
If you cannot accept the post of generalissimo of the Hindu host, you may give it to any descendant of #Sadashivrao or #Vishwasrao so that their scions may have an opportunity to avenge the defeat of their ancestors in 1761.
But any way do come as a spectator; for on seeing the result of this battle you will have to change your views, and I hope there will be then an end of the present discord and fighting in the country. . . .
In conclusion I beg to add that among the 700 men that I shall bring there will be no #Pathans or #Afghans as you are mortally afraid of them. So I shall bring with me only Indian #Musalmans of good family who are staunch adherents of #Shariat."'
1/n Let’s see in thread how people across ages have seen economic condition of India.
Let’s begin with François Bernier’s records in his work “Travels in the Mogul Empire.”
“There was no middle state. A man must be of the highest rank or live miserably.”
2/n Then he writes:
“Most towns in Hindustan are made up of earth, mud, and other wretched material; that there is no city or town (that) does not bear evident marks of approaching decay.”
3/n He goes on to add info of situation in Timurid (Moghul Empire):
“In eastern countries, the weak and the injured are without any refuge whatever; and the only law that decides all controversies is the cane and the caprice of a governor.”
“In India I found a race of mortals living upon the Earth, but not adhering to it. Inhabiting cities, but not being fixed to them, possessing everything but possessed by nothing.”
—Apollonius of Tyana
Will Durant says:
“India was the motherland of our race, & Sanskrit the mother of Europe's languages: she was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of the ideals embodied in Christianity;
mother, through the village community, of self-government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all.”
He writes so in “The Case for India” published in 1931
"it symbolizes joining earth, space and swarg, thereby bringing connotation the "cosmic axis" by expressing the cosmic totality of the Vāsudeva, Supreme Deity. "
Source: Approaches to Iconology, Vol 4-6, Hans Gerhard Kippenberg
3/n The inscriptions of #Heliodorus stambha is very interesting written in Brahmi script (Sunga period), language being Central-western epigraphic Prakrit, with Sanskritized spellings (Richard Solomon).
It praises Vāsudeva, the God of Gods & has verse from Mahabharata.
1/n Words of hero of liberals, Voltaire on #Muhammad:
“ If the archangel Gabriel had brought the leaves of the Koran to Mahomet from some planet, all Arabia would have seen Gabriel come down: nobody saw him; therefore Mahomet was a brazen impostor who deceived imbeciles.”
Then he wrote a play titled “Mahomet”. He presented this to Pope Benedict XIV & wrote as below:
“(...) this performance ("Fanaticism, or Mahomet"), written in opposition to the founder of a false and barbarous sect.”
3/n Voltaire further writes:
“To whom could I with more propriety inscribe a satire on the cruelty and errors of a false prophet, than to the vicar and representative of a God of truth and mercy? (...)”
Source: Voltaire:François-Marie Arouet, Letter to Benedict XIV, 17/8/1745
AD (Anno Domini)=a Latin phrase meaning "in the year of the Lord", the full form of the abbreviation AD, which is used when referring to a year after Jesus Christ was born
3/n CE (Common Era)=the period from the birth of Jesus Christ, when the Christian calendar starts counting years as AD
SO basically it is the "year of Jesus or year of Christianity".
1/n When Umar-II tried to make Leo-III a momin, he spoke of fakery related to Quran.
Leo says:
“You say that it was written by God, & brought down from the heavens, as you pretend for your Furqan (Quran) although we know that it was 'Umar, Abfi Turab & Salman the Persian,...
2/n ...who composed that, even though the rumor has got round among you that God sent it down from the heavens.”
Source: GHEVOND'S TEXT OF THE CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN 'UMAR II AND LEO III
3/n He further says:
“None of the Prophets has announced to the world a fourthperiod,whether for doctrine or for the promises. On the contrary we are ofttimes warned by our Saviour not to admit any other Prophet nor any Apostle after the death of His
disciples.”