Some thoughts. India State of Forest Report, (ISFR) 2021.
Caveat. Going to be long. Largely generic for its quality aspects hv already been widely reported.
a) There should be a well defined objective behind carrying out any such effort. Forest is an ecosystem+
with several ecological roles & services to play. Just to focus on whether d forests in d country r on an increasing or decreasing trend within political or artificial units like tiger/lion reserves etc cannot be a good enough objective to spend huge amounts of public funds on.
Interestingly the ecological needs of Lion r open forests.😂
Also devoting one full chapter to 'growing stock' which looks at forests as merely a commercial entity is anachronistic to say the least & betrays our continuing colonial mindset vis a vis forests.
b) if simply increase/decrease of forest area is to b assessed then d unit shud actually b catchment area of major rivers which is a well defined ecological unit & d status of its health in terms of vegetative cover can then help determine d nation's water security potential
and locations where due to catchment deforestation flood risks have increased. Such river basin wide assessments can then be utilized to convert d assessments into political or artificially drawn boundaries like different states or tiger, lion, elephant reserves etc.
This is because there is no part of d nation which is not part of one or d other major river basin.
c) There r 16 forest types as per d Champion & Seth classification of Indian forests. Each of these amongst other differences between them r distinct in their major tree/vegetation
associations & hence their canopy formation is also unique & different. Now to club all of them as either just #dense or #open forests is too simplistic a method & expresses our poor understanding of d natural diversity of our forest systems wherein some forest types
might b naturally dense or open & their ecological characteristics would b ignored if each of them is assessed on whether d canopy density is good or poor and then actions called for to convert all to a dense status? Such an approach also ignores the wilderness values+
of natural grasslands, wetlands & largely tree-less areas like cold (Ladakh & Lahaul) and warm deserts (Thar & Rann of Kutch) etc.
d) As a matter of fact each forest type deserves a separate well analyzed chapter in any such survey report. At present different
forest types r mentioned more in passing than in any serious manner in d report except in Chapter 9 & 11, which deal with d Carbon stock & Climate Hot spots respectively.
e) Shouldn't such a survey exercise also focus on forest lands diverted for non forestry purposes, their
current status & d status of d Compensatory Afforestation carried out in lieu of those lost forests?
Same applies to forest patches parceled out under d provisions of FRA?
f) Such an effort should not limit itself just to surveying & assessing d forests & tree cover but also +
enlarge its mandate to look at d health of all natural systems including wetlands, rivers, deserts, grasslands, coasts and marine systems as critical natural ecosystems in d land. This is because such an official assessment is not being done by any other government agency and
if FSI does not enlarge its mandate then d long term security of these ecosystems shall remain unaddressed. Of course with such an enlargement of mandate the material and human resources at FSI (or whatever it is renamed as) would require suitable enhancement and upgradation.
g)Two year is too small a time period to assess changes, if any in State of Forests anywhere what to talk of a vast & diverse land like ours. This periodic assessment shud be held over not less than 4 years duration if not more for a realistic assessment & useful results. Thnx
Was asked,"Highlight d key problems with #draftEIA2020".
My response. Problem z not just with EIA2020 but with d whole EIA regime. #DraftEIA2020 was an opportunity to think & act wisely but unfortunately got converted into a disaster. There r at least 6 "Who" that needs attention
1. Who #drafts the Law? 2. Who gets #covered under it? 3. Who #prepares EIA report? 4. Who is #consulted & when? 5. Who #appraises a Project/activity? 6. Who #monitors a project post EC?
Each of these "Who" is crucial for a meaningful & worthwhile EIA regime in d country.
1. A law is meant to express Societal concerns & aspirations & not d philosophy or desires of a party in power. So why shud mandarins in a dept draft it?
Law as crucial as EIA with national & international ramifications must b #drafted by a representative Committee of experts.
is taken up.
Yr 2020 is 14 yrs since 2006. #EIA2006 has been in operation all these years & good lessons & learnings must have been made as part of its implementation.
Thus a proper well analysed raison d’ etre for bringing in a new notification is in order on following +
lines:
a)Account taking of #EIA2006 in terms of what all was achieved in terms of total numbers of projects assessed, cleared, rejected etc
b)Whether #EIA2006 has helped ‘protect’ & ‘improve’ d environment which is d basic tenet of EPA1986
c)Whether #EIA2006 as a subordinate +
#EIA1994 carried a list of 32 projects / activities that required environmental clearance (EC) from+
d Central government. An exception was made in case of few kinds of Thermal power projects (eg captive power projects) which could seek EC from d respective State governments.
In #EIA2006 Thirty nine (39) projects or processes were listed in d #Schedule to d Notification.
These were categorized into following 8 different categories. Each was further sub divided into several others. A note on “#General” Conditions was appended to d #Schedule.
1.Mining, extraction of natural resources & power generation
2.Primary Processing
c) Post operation phase (especially in cases of mining projects)
It is extremely important that these conditions are not only available in public domain but that public is actively involved in the #Monitoring thereof.
In respect of Category ‘A’ project, it shall be mandatory for the #PP to make public the #EC granted for their project along with d conditions and safeguards at their cost by prominently advertising it at least in two local newspapers of d district or State where d project+
The @moefcc as d CA was conscious of d fact since #EIA1994 that it wud in-house not possess necessary expertise to assess d different kinds of #projectproposals that come its way & hence provided that:
"The reports submitted with d application shall be evaluated+
& assessed by d Impact Assessment Agency, and if deemed necessary it may consult a committee of Experts , having a composition as specified in Schedule-III of this Notification."
Later #EIA2006Notification created standing committee of Experts to be called as+
There was a time when development of an area meant setting up of a 'factory'. But not anymore. PPl hv experienced that a 'factory' may not mean good jobs 4 locals. It often means diversion of
local resources like land, water, forests etc; diversion or damming of streams; mining of hills and forests; pollution of air, lands and water; Cases of new or increase in diseases; growth of mafias and crime etc.
It is also known that d State does not own nature or+
natural resources, but holds it in #trust on behalf of #Public.
Also any project/activity planned by State or Pvt entity must primarily b in Public Interest. Even a privately planned project cannot be against #Public#Interest.