MORE on the below 🧵. There's so much inconsistency in #tradfi collateral posting rqmts (eg, most govts & corporates aren't req'd to post while trading firms are but with v diff collateral thresholds). It's all obfuscated. I lament that these derivative games are now in #crypto😢
There's no question derivatives games put a lid on #bitcoin's price appreciation in recent cycle, just as the same #WallSt derivatives games do same to #tradfi mkts. But when the epic short squeeze inevitably finally hits you get #LME-type games (yep, even in regulated mkts).
And derivatives can debauch otherwise strong balance sheets VERY fast in unexpected ways when BIG moves happen.
Little known fact: big banks' interest rate trading books often have BIG swaps receivables from state/local govts & swaps payables to corporates--UNCOLLATERALIZED.
Even tho these groups (state/local govts & corporates) didn't collateralize so didn't face margin calls in 2008 financial crisis, the corporates STILL got hit--but w/ surprise mark-to-market adjustments ("credit valuation adjustments") to mark DOWN the amount the banks owed them.
There's so much opacity & inconsistency in the collateral posting requirements in #tradfi.
That these games exist in tradfi makes me wonder where & how they're manifesting in #crypto derivatives.
Prediction about #tradfi -- it will again become standard in corporate finance NOT to hedge with derivatives, as massive moves yet again reveal how fast otherwise strong balance sheets can get into trouble. How fast is the question...
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I LEARNED interesting things at #ETHDenver2022—#DAOs are organizing under either coop or LLC laws🤠, & despite testing all the thousands of attendees for COVID a staggeringly low # were testing positive. I hope the latter is basically over🤞—the former seems to be taking off tho.
For #DAOs that choose to register there’s a race btwn using state cooperative laws vs state LLC laws. WY’s #DAO LLC law is hot but so is CO’s coop law. Our panel didn’t have time to dive into the differences in how each limits liability for members. #crypto lawyers—pls debate it!
Here's a blog on the topic of limiting member liability for coops. I'm hoping #crypto lawyers pick this thread up & start discussing bc there are likely differences between state coop laws & state LLC laws when used by a #DAO. I find the topic interesting. cooperativesfirst.com/blog/2020/08/0…
1/ SO MANY TRUTH BOMBS in this terrific blog post.🧐MUST READ for US customers of #crypto exchanges/custodians (hint:😱, if yours goes bankrupt). Note @AdamLevitin analysis applies US-wide *EXCEPT* in #Wyoming bc it mostly fixed the very issues he lays out creditslips.org/creditslips/20…
2/ Truth bomb #1: "I do not think customers understand the legal nature of the custodial relationships, and exchanges have no incentive to make the legal treatment clear to customers." ...
3/ "In bankruptcy, it is likely to be treated as a debtor-creditor relationship, not a custodial (#bailment) relationship. That means that customers are taking on REAL CREDIT RISK with the exchanges, which is a particular problem because of the opacity of the exchanges..."🎯
1/ FED's NEW PAPER ON STABLECOINS today deserves both praise & a response. It contains something BIG (1st time I've seen the Fed say this🚨🔥) but it misses things too. Wonky topic: how #stablecoins fit into plumbing of #tradfi, which is right up my alley. libertystreeteconomics.newyorkfed.org/2022/02/the-fu…
2/ The NYFed's 3 conclusions + my reactions here: 1. Stablecoins tie up liquidity unnecessarily💯✅🎯 2. Stablecoins that do not tie up liquidity are risky & less fungible❌🤔 3. We already have an efficient form of digital money/just need to adapt it to a new environment: ✅&❌
3/ Let's dig in. First, in this🧵we're talking abt fiat-collateralized #stablecoins, not algo or #crypto-collateralized ones that never touch USD payment systems. Central bankers' real concern has (rightly) always been impact of fiat-backed #stablecoins on trad system plumbing.
QUESTIONS ANSWERED here about this🧵(thx for all the engagement!) 1) what do u mean by paper #bitcoin? 2) is all leverage bad? 3) why so sure that a leverage-flush reckoning day will come for bitcoin? Gold investors have waited forever. 4) can't traders hedge the risk? (haha, no)
2/ PAPER BITCOIN=a promise by an intermediary, such as an exchange, to deliver real #bitcoin. Unless you hold the private keys, you don't own bitcoin--what you own is a CLAIM to bitcoin (an IOU). Does your intermediary own enuf on-chain bitcoin to make good on all such claims???
3/ The honest truth is that probably no one other than your intermediary itself really knows & many intermediaries are likely running fractional. It is certain that the quantity of paper #bitcoin outstanding > the 18.9m on-chain bitcoins that exist, but by how much is unknowable.
1/ I DIDN'T SEE SOMETHING UNTIL NOW. Often I've spoken about paper assets creating a fake supply that satisfies real demand, & that (all else equal) this causes an asset's price to fall. Most recently this came up in a debate with @timevalueofbtc abt using #MVRV to value #bitcoin
2/ The issue? RV isn't an accurate number bc it's impacted by all the paper #bitcoin issued by intermediaries. If all intermediaries always held 100% bitcoin reserves to back the bitcoin claims they issue, then RV would be reliable. But many intermediaries likely run fractional.
3/ I'm not saying RV isn't an observable # (of course it's observable). What I'm really saying is that RV isn't accurate--bc it's influenced by paper claims to #bitcoin being issued to satisfy demand for the real thing. You may have heard me talk about the 2017 Dole Food lawsuit.
1/ JUST PUBLISHED article abt #stablecoin interoperability in @CentralBanking_ (yep...!)--another collaboration w/ Dr.Manmohan Singh of @IMFNews + my 1st w/ Dr Charles Kahn of Univ of IL. 🚨VERY IMPORTANT NEW POINT included🔥 (behind a firewall but 🧵👇). centralbanking.com/fintech/789225…
2/ Best historical analogy for #stablecoins isn't wildcat banking--it's check clearing. Private pre-Fed check clearing networks are analogous to different private stablecoin networks today. What made checks interoperable?
💡2 things: common standard+Fed guarantee of pymt at par
3/ We argue #stablecoin issuers should gain access to Fed payment systems so they can back stablecoins w/ central bank reserves (ie, guarantee of pymt at par to members of Fed's network), but ALSO that the choice of tech should be agnostic. (The mkt has already voted on this.)