1/ JUST PUBLISHED article abt #stablecoin interoperability in @CentralBanking_ (yep...!)--another collaboration w/ Dr.Manmohan Singh of @IMFNews + my 1st w/ Dr Charles Kahn of Univ of IL. 🚨VERY IMPORTANT NEW POINT included🔥 (behind a firewall but 🧵👇).
centralbanking.com/fintech/789225…
2/ Best historical analogy for #stablecoins isn't wildcat banking--it's check clearing. Private pre-Fed check clearing networks are analogous to different private stablecoin networks today. What made checks interoperable?

💡2 things: common standard+Fed guarantee of pymt at par
3/ We argue #stablecoin issuers should gain access to Fed payment systems so they can back stablecoins w/ central bank reserves (ie, guarantee of pymt at par to members of Fed's network), but ALSO that the choice of tech should be agnostic. (The mkt has already voted on this.)
4 We acknowledge that non-bank #stablecoin issuers would need to be licensed as banks (not just banks, but full-fledged depository institutions, which are subject to MUCH higher standards than just any bank --to protect against a default by a member depository on the Fed itself).
5/ I'd add the only type of bank available now to #crypto cos that fits this is #Wyoming's #SPDI (special-purpose depository institution) charter. Indeed, SPDI charter was designed to open door to Fed pymt systems for #crypto-native companies. It's not open yet, but stay tuned.
6/ "Allowing stablecoins from banks&non-banks chartered as banks to interoperate–not just by enabling both access central bank pymt systems, but also by enabling use of PUBLIC OPEN-SOURCE TECH PROTOCOLS that already interoperate–will make a diff in pymts/settlements landscape."💪
7/ Yep, above quote appears in a centralbanking.com article, written by 2 respected mainstream economists & me.💪🎉

Many in #crypto ask why I spend so much time w/ mainstream instead of just going around it, as many in our industry do. Answer: US dollar connectivity matters
8/ To repeat, #crypto industry faces a single point of failure risk: US$ banking (only ~$80bn of USD deposit capacity supports industry w/ $2.6trn in asset value when expressed in USD). That bottleneck is an issue on which I've personally been working since 2017, in various ways.
9/ It's a VERY complicated issue, partly related to mkt structure. You all know how critical I can be of mainstream #tradfi mkt structure & some of you have been surprised at how critical I've been about how mkt structure in #crypto has evolved too. It's all consistent tho.
10/ Just remember--my passion is FAIR & STABLE financial mkts. THAT's what I'm working on. Lots more work to do, but my collaborations like this one are very much a part of pushing the proverbial ball forward toward that goal. Enjoy!

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More from @CaitlinLong_

9 Oct
@kwerb 1/ Well said @kwerb. When I started writing in 2016 abt the dangers of leverage-based financialization in #bitcoin mkts for @ForbesCrypto, I was worried abt #WallSt banks bringing it. What I missed was that #crypto peeps wld beat the big banks to it—& wld do it MUCH bigger. How?
@kwerb @ForbesCrypto 2/ bc they did it offshore. They beat #WallSt to it bc (1) regulators held back big banks/regulated derivatives exchanges & (2) onshore firms are capped on leverage they can offer. Example: onshore US #BTC futures can be leveraged ~2.5x but offshore can be 20x (was 125x until…
@kwerb @ForbesCrypto 3/ …some offshore exchanges voluntarily reduced it to 20x after much criticism of the practice—deserved, IMHO—but 20x is still much higher than regulators would allow onshore). The recent bull market brought in many speculators (incl many w/ WallSt trading backgrounds). I’d…
Read 8 tweets
5 Oct
1/ "Even in the face of regulatory threats, #crypto enthusiasts see each development as a step towards mainstream acceptance. So it's no surprise that a new crypto-friendly bank becoming a member of the Federal Reserve would be a headline grab."🤠@AvantiBT
businessinsider.com/ceo-crypto-ban…
2/US banking law is confusing but @lailamaidan got it right--@AvantiBT is different--is eligible for BOTH access to Fed's payment system & to become Fed member PLUS has applied for BOTH. (OCC trust banks aren't depository institutions so aren't eligible for payment system access)
3/ I can't think of another industry that is so deposit-constrained: ~$80bn of USD bank deposits supports >$2trn in assets. Our industry has a big single point of failure risk: USD banking access. Plus there's lots of settlement risk in trad banks when they bank #crypto industry.
Read 10 tweets
2 Oct
1/JUST FINISHED the first of my series of speeches this month to mainstream audiences about #bitcoin/#crypto--this one was to @actl, annual meeting of American College of Trial Lawyers. Multiple Supreme Court justices usually in audience. Two key themes:
2/ First, I recommended swift clarification of legal status of #digitalassets so US courts aren't clogged w/ disputes in this $2trn industry due to murky laws (incl swift passage of draft UCC Article 12, or even early adopting it). It's on agenda for @uniformlaws mtg on Nov5-6.
3/ #Wyoming led charge to make #blockchain tech "backwards compatible w/ US legal system"--draft UCC Art. 12 (similar to WY law) was already early-adopted by AR, NE & TX. We're seeing increasing litigation due to murky laws--not only clogs courts but consumer fairness issues too.
Read 8 tweets
1 Oct
1/ THIS IS WHERE WE ALWAYS THOUGHT the #stablecoin regulatory direction would go, which is why @AvantiBT chose to get a bank charter. Anything that touches the USD financial system was always going to fall w/in the Fed's purview, directly or indirectly, esp once it became big.
2/ Plus it makes sense policy-wise. Nonbank #stablecoin issuers gum up the #repo mkt by siloing T-bills & other Level 1 high-quality liquid assets (the repo mkt already finds these assets too scarce). If stablecoin issuers are banks, tho, dormant Fed reserves can be used instead.
3/ Details on the above point are here👇. The v high velocity of #stablecoins comes from their superior tech vs trad payment systems, not from leverage. Traditionally, monetary velocity came from leverage. But thanks to stablecoins it no longer needs to.💪
cato.org/cato-journal/s…
Read 8 tweets
5 Sep
1/ @NYtimes story on #crypto/#banking deserves a thoughtful reply. Issue isn't black & white: anti-crypto forces try to paint us all w/ a broad brush. Bad actors deserve to be called out, but the article ignores fact that regulatory-compliant firms exist. nytimes.com/2021/09/05/us/…
2/ First--@ericliptonnyt/@el72champs you got a fact wrong & it deserves a correction. #Wyoming’s special bank charter doesn't allow “cryptocurrency deposits.” “Deposit” has a v specific meaning in banking: banks can only take deposits in fiat money (US$)--not in crypto. Pls fix.
3/ That’s a key distinction. Regulated banks can provide CUSTODY services for #crypto (like for securities) but CAN’T take deposits in ANYTHING except money. Article misses that critical point--it’s a firewall protecting Fed's payment system from exposure to anything other than $
Read 24 tweets
28 Aug
1/ TODAY @AvantiBT CONFIRMED A REPORT in today's @WSJ that it filed an application to become a Federal Reserve member bank. 💪 Here are links to Avanti's statement & the WSJ story:
wsj.com/articles/crypt…

avantibank.com/press/avanti-s…
2/ This means @AvantiBT formally submitted to what it had already informally accepted--namely, the very same regulatory capital, compliance and supervisory examination standards that apply to traditional banks.
3/ It also means @AvantiBT is seeking federal supervision directly by the Fed itself (in addition to Avanti's existing regulator, #Wyoming Division of Banking). Avanti's Fed membership application is distinct from its prior application for payment system access (filed Oct 2020).
Read 7 tweets

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