Muscle growth occurs when muscle protein synthesis exceeds muscle protein breakdown. Resistance exercise stimulates both muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Ingestion of protein further increases muscle protein synthesis and is needed to achieve positive protein net balance.
In young adults, 20 g of high-quality protein seems optimal to stimulate post-exercise muscle protein synthesis. However, is this also true for older adults?
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This study investigated muscle protein synthesis rates following ingestion of different protein dosages in older adults. All participants performed a bout of resistance exercise, followed by the ingestion of 0, 15, 30, or 45 g of milk protein.
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The ingestion of 15 g of milk protein did not significantly stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults. The ingestion of 30 g resulted in a significant increase, with no further increase following the ingestion of the 45 g dose.
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These data suggest that older adults may need ~ 30 g protein dose to optimize post-exercise muscle protein synthesis rates. This is approximately 50% higher than what is recommended for younger adults.
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In conclusion, older adults need ~ 30 g of protein to optimize muscle protein synthesis following a bout of resistance exercise.
Aging is associated with the loss of muscle mass. This phenomenon is also known as sarcopenia. Around what age does this start to occur?
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This study investigated the influence of age on muscle mass in a large sample of adults. Skeletal muscle mass was measured with a whole-body MRI for 468 adults of 18-88 years old. People that were bedridden, had physical disabilities, or had chronic illnesses were excluded.
Aerobic capacity is defined as the maximal rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max). A large improvement in aerobic capacity can already be achieved during an intense 10-week training program.
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Non-responders to exercise probably don’t exist. However, there are people that need a lot more exercise volume to obtain the same fitness benefits compared to others.
It is well established that drinking too much alcohol will result in a hangover. It is commonly suggested that the hangover will be less if you stick to one type of alcoholic drink, rather than drinking different types of drinks.
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In addition, there are several sayings such as: “Beer before wine and you’ll feel fine; wine before beer and you’ll feel queer”. This suggests that the order of drinks may impact the hangover.
Mediterranean countries have lower cardiovascular mortality rates compared to northern Europe and the United States. It is often suggested that this is at least partly due to the Mediterranean diet.
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The Mediterranean diet includes high intake of olive oil, fruit, nuts, vegetables, and cereals; a moderate intake of fish and poultry. In addition, it has a low intake of dairy products, red meat, processed meats, and sweets; and moderate wine consumption.
Studies are typically relatively short (weeks to months). However, we often want to know what happens with longer-term adherence to interventions such as a training protocol or a diet.
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Therefore, data from studies needs to be extrapolated; make assumptions what would happen if the interventions would be continued.
Many supplements claim to improve body composition or exercise performance. Some supplements seem promising, while others don’t seem to do anything, and some can even be counterproductive.
Here’s a thread of some of our supplements infographics 🧵👇
Creatine is an organic compound which is naturally present in our bodies. Creatine supplementation increases muscle creatine levels, strength and muscle mass gains during resistance training.
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Nitrate-rich beetroot juice has been shown to increase endurance performance because. Beetroot juice supplementation can also improve repeated sprint performance compared to nitrate-depleted beetroot juice.