Thread by @joraltron

#Dysautonomia
Autonomic Nervous System (#ANS) Impairment
#Thread #midjourneyartwork #MedEd

1/🧵
#Dysautonomia is a condition that affects the ANS, which controls involuntary bodily functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and breathing. It can be caused by various factors, including #autoimmune diseases & viral infections like #COVID19.

2/🧵
The symptoms of #dysautonomia can vary depending on the underlying cause and can include lightheadedness, dizziness, syncope, rapid or irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, gastrointestinal issues, difficulty breathing, and fatigue.

3/🧵
In #autoimmune diseases (like #Sjögren's), #dysautonomia can be a result of #autonomic #neuropathy
In COVID-19, dysautonomia can be a result of the virus's impact on the ANS.
nature.com/articles/s4156…

4/🧵 #Dysautonomia #mimickers
1⃣ Adrenal dysfunction
2⃣ Thyroid disease
3⃣ Mastocytosis (Mast-cell disease)
4⃣ Paraganglioma/pheocromocytoma
5⃣ PTSD
6⃣ Weight-loss/chronic volume depletion
7⃣ Capillary-leak syndrome
and others...

5/🧵 #Autonomic systems
1⃣ #Adrenergic: BP/HR control
2⃣ #Gastrointestinal: n/v, satiety, distention, diarrhea/constipation
3⃣ #Genitourinary: frequency, enuresis, retention, pain
4⃣ #Thermoregulatory-sudomotor: sweating, heat intolerance
5⃣ #Secretomotor: sicca
6⃣ #Pupillary
...

6/🧵Orthostatic Hypotension (#OH)
Sustained ⬇️ in BP:
- ≥20 mmHg Systolic BP
- ≥10 mmHg Diastolic BP

Initial OH: within 15'' of standing/tilt
Delayed OH: within 3' of of standing/tilt

7/ 🧵#POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome)
- ⬆️HR>30 bpm w/ standing/tilt
- HR≥120 bpm w/ standing/tilt
- Absence of orthostatic hypotension (OH)
- Absence of conditions associated w/OH
- Postural symptoms
3 types of #POTS: neuropathic, hyperadrenergic, deconditioned

8/🧵#SFN (Small Fiber Neuropathy)
Damage or dysfunction of these small nerve fibers can lead to abnormal sensations, such as burning or tingling, or loss of sensation in affected areas. SFN can also affect other functions, such as regulation of BP and sweating.

9/🧵#SFN can have many underlying causes, including #autoimmune diseases, #diabetes, #infections, #toxic exposures, and #genetic disorders. In some cases, the cause of SFN is unknown.
Can be length-dependent or non-length-dependent

10/🧵Diagnosis of SFN typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, #skin #biopsy (to assess the density and health of small nerve fibers), and nerve conduction studies

And many more Autonomic Nervous System Impairments (#dysautonomia)

Do not miss this recent and awesome lecture 😱😍by the @MAS_Clinic multidisciplinary team

https://twitter.com/mas_clinic/status/1631324408253140992