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Incunabula @incunabula
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An 11th century xylographic printing of the basic scripture of Korean Hwaeom Buddhism: Avatamsaka Sutra (The Flower Garland Sutra), Zhenyuan [Jingyuan] version. This is juan 80 (of 120 juan) of the Uicheon woodblock edition of circa AD 1087 printed on Korean mulberry-bark paper.
This sutra was printed with the woodblocks that the Korean monk Uicheon received from Jingyuan in 1087 (the 4th year of the reign of King Seonjong of the Goryeo Dynasty) during his visit to Song China. The front and rear covers of dark indigo-dyed paper are apparently original.
Another volume from this same edition can be seen at the National Museum of Korea, where it is designated a Treasure (pomul 寳物) which is one rank below National Treasure (kukpo 國寳), in the Korean system for designating
important cultural properties.
museum.go.kr/site/eng/relic…
I've not been able to find a record of another example of this 11th century Korean sutra printing in any institutional library outside of Korea itself (or in fact of any older example of Korean printing outside Korea). If anyone knows of one I would love to have the details.
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Printed in Korea in 1377, 78 years before Gutenberg, this is the world's oldest extant book printed with movable metal type. Known by its abbreviated name of "Jikji", only a single copy of one volume of the original 2 volume edition survives, and is held today by @laBnF in Paris.
In a colophon the last page of Jikji is recorded details of its publication, indicating that it was published in the 3rd Year of King U (July 1377) by metal type at Heungdeok temple in Cheongju.
The cover on the surviving volume of this edition is a replacement of the original, and records in French "The oldest known Korean book printed with molded type, with 1377 as date". Jikji was donated to @laBnF by the heirs of the collector Henri Véver, when he died in 1950.
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