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Wedaneus
@ArcGreek
, 11 tweets, 4 min read Read on Twitter
Tawagalawa is mentioned as the brother of the king of Ahhiyawa (Achaea=Mycenaean Greece) in a letter from the Hittite king Hattusili III, around 1250 BC. This name is possibly a Hittite representation of the Greek name Eteocles (Etewoklewes).
Attarsiya (possibly Atreus) was a "man from Ahhiya" that ca. 1400BC campaigned against a Hittite vassal, Madduwatta, in the Lukka Lands (Lycia). He finally withdrew from Anatolia after Hittite intervention, but later launched a campaign against Alashiya (Cyprus).
In 1430BC an anti-Hittite rebellion of Assuwa (22 cities incl. Taruisa(Troad)&Wilusiya(Ilion) with support from Ahhiyawa was defeated by the Hittite Empire, under Tudhaliya I. Possibly, related with myths about Heracles early sacking of Troy & Bellerophon’s deeds in Anatolia.
Piyamaradu (Priam?) was a warlike personage prominently in the Hittite archives 1250-1200BC in W. Anatolia for about 35 years. He allied himself with the Great King of Ahhiyawa & characterized as "troublemaker", "adventurer", "freebooter", or "mercenary".
Earlier ca. 1280 BC, Alaksandu (Alexandros?) king of Wilusa, sealed a treaty with Hittite king Muwatalli II evoking a friendship between Hittites & Wilusa dating back to the reign of Hattusili I (1586–1556 BC). Alaksandu possibly not immediate successor of former King Kukkunni.
The deeds of Piyamaradu & his alliance with Ahhiyawa & the king’s brother Tawagalawa (Eteocles), letter ca 1250BC mentioning the war between the Hittites & the Ahhiyawans over Wilusa, while they were having good relations before, could be the historic background of the Trojan War
In Tawagalawa/Piyamaradu letter, the Hittite king refers to former hostilities between the Hittites and the Ahhiyawans over Wilusa, which had now been resolved amicably:

"Now as we have come to an agreement on Wilusa over which we went to war..."
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawagalaw…
The tensions between Hittites & Ahhiyawans continued as shown in the 1225BC treaty of alliance between Tundaliya IV & the king of Amurru, Sausgamuva. Hittite king ordered him to not allow any ship from Ahhiyawa to land in his region (modern Syria) to trade with Assyrians.
In the same script the Great king of Ahhiyawa is not mentioned as equal with the other Bronze Age kings anymore as usually, (Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, Hittite) and Tundaliya mentioned that the Achaean stronghold in Anatolia, Milawada (Miletus) was then under Hittite control.
The reason of the absence of the king of Ahhiyawa in this letter might be because of a defeat from the Hittites in Miletus or because of the start of collapse of late Bronze Age civilizations in C12 th BC that started earlier in Greece and involved every kingdom apart from Egypt.
The rise of the Mycenaean kingdoms started about C15th BC when gradually replaced Minoans & established trade connections with the other Bronze Age civilizations (illustrated in the Faraoh Amenhotep III column ca 1350 BC) & ended with the destruction of the palaces 1225-1130 BC.
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Wedaneus
@ArcGreek
John III Doukas Vatatzes (r. 1221–1254) settled many Cumans in the Empire to strengthen the borders in Anatolia. They became Christian together with their leader Sytzigan, whose name was Hellenized to Syrgiannes ("master John") when he was baptized.
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