Tonight's Episode: The Forlorn Arab as Foil for the Formation of Iranian National Identity

Starring: The Pahlavi & Qajar Dynasties
The IRI
An Adolescent from Palestine
An Orphan Child
A Very Supportive Iranian Friend

With a Very Special Guest Appearance by Baby Nilu
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Iran after 1979 had proclaimed itself advocate and agent for the rescue and revival of the oppressed of the world, above all the community of believers or Ummat al-Islamiyah.
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@Swarthy_Bastard As such, the boundaries of Iran’s imagined community extended in the post-1979 era beyond the borders of the traditional “Guarded Domains” to include its Arab and Muslim neighbors, now conceived as both participants and beneficiaries of the Islamic Revolution.
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@Swarthy_Bastard This new internationalist aspiration was in reality the latest iteration of an old nationalist project, fostered by the Pahlavi & late-Qajar states & rooted in the distant traumas of the 19th century. In the postrevolutionary reverie on what it means to be “truly Iranian"...
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@Swarthy_Bastard the plight of the forlorn Arab served as constant reminder of the indispensability of preserving Iran’s sovereignty against foreign encroachment...
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@Swarthy_Bastard ...the dismemberment of Lebanon and Palestine less an inspiration for global struggle than they were contemporary reminders of the catastrophes of Turkmenchai and Golestan.
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@Swarthy_Bastard Whereas the Pahlavi state portrayed the Arab Muslim as an abject figure incapable of redemption other than by the grace & intervention of Iranian civilization & culture, he was rendered merely pitiful by the Islamic educational system.
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@Swarthy_Bastard Sympathy for the Arab by the postrevolutionary state comprised a rebuke and an affirmation: Look at what has happened to the Arabs who were not able to defend their homes and their homeland. Look at what has *not* happened to us.
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@Swarthy_Bastard As he has throughout Iran's modern history, the imagined Arab remained dependent on the good will & tender mercies of others, effectively stripping him of any meaningful agency or subjectivity. The IRI's innovation was to place him within a narrative of failure.
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@Swarthy_Bastard Iran’s loud advocacy on behalf of the region’s dispossessed reveals itself to inseparable from the Arab’s inability to protect himself, or from Iran's deep-seated desire to demonstrate its superiority over its neighbors, a compensation for its own weakness in the world.
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@Swarthy_Bastard The saga of the forlorn Arab

Adapted from trafo.hypotheses.org/9875 (written for @aamoosavi), inspired by read.dukeupress.edu/cssaame/articl…, to be presented at associationforiranianstudies.org/conferences/20… (what a life)
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@Swarthy_Bastard @aamoosavi Gotta go see about a girl

12/Fin
#HistoryOfIran
#BabyNilufar ❤️🌸

تا دفعه بعد
@Swarthy_Bastard Image

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More from @HistorianofIran

21 Jan
As promised, tonight I'll talk about religious storytelling or Pardeh Dari with a focus on Pardeh paintings. This is Golnar Touski, tweeting from Historians of Iran./1 @GolnarNemat
While reenactment and recitation of Shi’a tragedies were established by Safavid rulers (1501-1736) the practice gained popularity in Qajar Persia where Tekieyeh (تکیه) was a place of congregation for religious ceremonies. Here's a painting of one by Kamal al-Molk./2 @GolnarNemat
The stories were taken from existing Safavid literature of martyrology such as Rowzat-Al-Shohada or Toufan al-Boka. In Qajar Persia these were reproduced as lithographed books. In fact, emergence of printing was partly responsible for Pardeh./3 @GolnarNemat
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20 Jan
If you ever watched a Morshed (storyteller) performing from scenes of battles,heroes,infernal serpents and paradise birds, you know the absolute joy of Naqali,the art of storytelling. This is Morshed Mirza Ali whose family have been storytellers for generations. 1/17 @GolnarNemat Image
These days brilliant women storytellers are part of this traditionally male-exclusive profession. This is Sara Abbaspour; one of Morshed women today. The staff stick is a crucial part of performing, used to dramatize and to point to the painted scenes. 2/17 @GolnarNemat Image
In 19th century Persia forms of storytelling ranged from literature and oral anecdotes to themes of romance, chivalry and history of Shi'a Islam. Today we know Naqali mainly as reciting the epic of Shahnameh (Book of Kings) by 10-11th c. poet, Ferdowsi. 3/17 @GolnarNemat Rostam and Sohrab, from the...
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11 Jan
Thank you all for your support this week. It's been a blast! If you missed anything, here's a "thread of threads" of everything I talked about this week.

Please follow me at @IranChinaGuy for more posts like this! Also please check out my other project, @iranstudiesUS
1/ How far back can ties between ancient China and early Iranian societies in Central Asia be traced?

2/ On Sassanian-Tang relations, especially after the Muslim conquest of Persia.

Read 16 tweets
11 Jan
1/ In 1965, a leftist Iranian student movement in Europe declared its support for Mao Zedong's theories. The Revolutionary Organization of the Tudeh Party (Sāzmān-e Enghelābi-ye Ḥezb-e Tūdeh) would become a major faction of the student opposition.

#IranChina by @IranChinaGuy ImageImageImage
2/ The ROTPI claimed “Comrade Mao has evolved Marxism, [and] we must solve issues from the point of view of Mao Zedong Thought." They began circulating translations of the works of Mao Zedong and other militant texts among Iranian students abroad. In pamphlets and periodicals... Image
3/ they extolled the virtues of andishe-ye māu se dūn (Mao Zedong Thought). They were an offshoot of the Tudeh, and bitterly opposed to its leadership. To them, the Tudeh were ineffective, disconnected from the situation in Iran, and excessively under Soviet influence. Image
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9 Jan
1/ Persian was an important admin. and religious language during the Yuan and Ming, but declined under the Qing (1644-1912).

On the rise (and fall) of Persian language use in China and the decline of traditional Sino-Iranian ties by the 20th century.

#iranchina by @IranChinaGuy
2/ During the Yuan, China and Persia were linked by Mongol rule, and Persian was one of the official administrative languages. A few Persians held important status as members of the semuren (色目人), an administrative class made up of non-Mongol, non-Chinese subjects.
3/ For example, Sayyid Ajall Shams al-Din Omar al-Bukhari, a Persian Muslim from Bukhara, was appointed by Kublai as governor of Yunnan in 1274, a fact mentioned by Marco Polo. Chinese sources record him as Sàidiǎnchì Zhānsīdīng (赛典赤·赡思丁).

(Img: Tomb in modern Yunnan)
Read 17 tweets
9 Jan
1/ Religion was another important link between #China and #Iran in both ancient and medieval times. This thread will briefly explore the Sino-#Iranian connection in the spread of three religions in China: #Buddhism, #Zoroastrianism, and #Islam.

#iranchina by @IranChinaGuy - B.F
2/ (Disclaimer: Each of these could be an entire topic, but as I am do this in my limited free time, I simply can't cover all three as well as I'd like. Please forgive anything left out, simplified, or overlooked. Follow me @IranChinaGuy and I will post more on each next week!)
3/ We have already discussed the Parthian origins of Buddhism in China via An Shigao. In general, Buddhism entered China via Central Asian contacts with Parthia, Kushan, and other Indian and Iranian cultures. Many of the early translators came from these areas, although...
Read 15 tweets

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