Following @remap_cap & #RECOVERY#Tocilizumab results, @NIHCOVIDTxGuide has updated guidelines:
-#Toci + #Dexamethasone now recommended for all ICU pts on IMV, NIPPV, or HFNC
-Toci + Dex recommended for non-ICU pts w/ rapidly increasing O2 needs & elevated inflammatory markers 1/
There are some caveats:
-Toci must be combined with dexamethasone (not given alone; ? harm signal)
-It should be given early (w/i 3 days)
-Toci should NOT be given to people who are already immunosuppressed or who have “an uncontrolled” infxn (e.g. getting worse despite Abx) 3/
I’m less convinced about the benefits of Toci in a non-ICU population. “Rapidly increasing O2 needs” & elevated inflammatory markers (such as CRP > 75 mg/dl) are a bit more subjective inclusion criteria for a costly intervention IMO.
4/
Overall, these new reccs align with my practice after RECOVERY/REMAP. I think these are very reasonable guidelines for how & when to use #Toci in treating people with severe #COVID19. I’m impressed that NIH updated so fast.
🚨Exciting results from the #RECOVERY trial #preprint of #Tocalizumab (Toci) in hospitalized people w/ #COVID19
-reduced 28-day mortality (29 vs 33%; NNT)
-decreased likelihood of requiring MV (33% vs 38%)
-shorter hospital stay (median 20 vs >28 days) medrxiv.org/content/10.110… 1/
They randomized 4116 pts to weight-based Toci vs usual care (UC):
-groups were balanced: mostly male (>65%), older (>60 yo), & w/ comorbidities (>55%)
-most patients (82%) also received dexamethasone
-they received Toci early in hospitalization but were 7-14 days after onset 2/
Notably, only 83% of patients in the Toci group actually received Toci (plus 2.6% randomized to the UC group got Toci); this would decrease the effect size and bias the towards null.
This means their ITT analysis is probably *underestimating* the true effect size somewhat.
It kinda irks me when someone describes a vital sign or lab value as “incompatible with life.”
Here’s a @tweetorial all about the extremes of physiology.
Case #1:
A 10 yo ____ presents with the following vital signs.
T 109F RR 30 HR 300 BP 142/116
Fill in the blank
Answer: 🐓
A chicken's "normal" Temp is 103-110F (w/ HR 220-360) & they live up to 11 yrs.
The Hummingbird would be quite bradycardia (“normal" HR 800-1200 when active)
The Desert ant (Cataglyphis bicolor) has a higher temp (up to 122F!) but doesn't live 10 yrs or have that BP
Case #2:
An *arterial* blood gas is obtained from a ___ showing
pH 7.37 / PCO2 50 / PaO2 20 / HCO3 26
(yup it really is arterial)
First, Abx prescribing was much higher earlier in the pandemic (January 86% vs April 63%) and higher in China (76%) compared to the US (65%) & Europe (63%).
This suggests that overprescribing may be less of an issue currently and in the US.
2/3
Second, only 5 studies (out of 154) reported the Abx duration. We don’t know if Abx was quickly de-escalated (appropriate) vs continued despite (-)cultures (inappropriate).
IMO It’s not wrong to start Abx in sick COVID pts so long as you promptly d/c when cultures are (-)
3/4
🚨BIG NEWS: In January, the unpublished VICTAS trial of vitamin C in #sepsis was stopped after enrolling just 501 of a planned 2000
Now data on clinicaltrials.gov shows why, and it doesn’t look good for #vitaminC. Is this the last🔩in⚰️of the ‘metabolic cure’?
A short🧵
1/
I’ve been hopeful but more than a little skeptical about the 🍹🍋 metabolic cocktail for sepsis (vitamin C + hydrocortisone + thiamine) since the original before/after case series.
I’ve followed this literature closely & have been waiting eagerly for the results of the RCTs.
2/
Thats’s why I was excited to see that VICTAS had posted results. bit.ly/3j3Iatl
The VICTAS trial is the largest (& arguably best) of the vitamin C RCTs: a placebo-controlled, Double-blind RCT done at 43 sites across the US. The 1° endpoint was vasopressor free days.
3/
The authors found that these apparently impressive ANNs were poorly generalizable (i.e., the performance was much worse on a new validation set compared to the training set).
Compare the red vs. green ROC curves. The performance drops from an AUC of 0.99 to 0.7! Yikes! 2/
There’s a reason for this: They used one dataset for all their positive images and a separate dataset for all their negative images.
This is risky for confounding because the model could pick up on any number of differences in CXRs that aren’t clinically meaningful.
3/
#CriticalCare non-COVID teaching case:
An elderly man is admitted to the surgical ICU for monitoring after an uncomplicated kidney transplant. You notice this funny pattern on his arterial line tracing. What’s going on here? #FOAMcc#FOAMed 1/
What’s going on here?
2/
This is pulsus alternans: an alternating strong & weak pulse.
Based on the A-line tracing POCUS was performed that reveled a markedly reduced EF. Coronary angiography showed no obstruction and a diagnosis of stress CM was made. The patient recovered with medical therapies.
3/