Following @remap_cap & #RECOVERY #Tocilizumab results, @NIHCOVIDTxGuide has updated guidelines:
-#Toci + #Dexamethasone now recommended for all ICU pts on IMV, NIPPV, or HFNC
-Toci + Dex recommended for non-ICU pts w/ rapidly increasing O2 needs & elevated inflammatory markers
1/
You can read the updated NIH COVID19 treatment guidelines here: covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/statement-on-t…

IMO, this change makes sense based on the published & pre-published data, which I discussed last month:
2/
There are some caveats:
-Toci must be combined with dexamethasone (not given alone; ? harm signal)
-It should be given early (w/i 3 days)
-Toci should NOT be given to people who are already immunosuppressed or who have “an uncontrolled” infxn (e.g. getting worse despite Abx)
3/
I’m less convinced about the benefits of Toci in a non-ICU population. “Rapidly increasing O2 needs” & elevated inflammatory markers (such as CRP > 75 mg/dl) are a bit more subjective inclusion criteria for a costly intervention IMO.
4/
Overall, these new reccs align with my practice after RECOVERY/REMAP. I think these are very reasonable guidelines for how & when to use #Toci in treating people with severe #COVID19. I’m impressed that NIH updated so fast.

#medtwitter What do y’all think?

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More from @nickmmark

11 Feb
🚨Exciting results from the #RECOVERY trial #preprint of #Tocalizumab (Toci) in hospitalized people w/ #COVID19
-reduced 28-day mortality (29 vs 33%; NNT)
-decreased likelihood of requiring MV (33% vs 38%)
-shorter hospital stay (median 20 vs >28 days)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
1/
They randomized 4116 pts to weight-based Toci vs usual care (UC):
-groups were balanced: mostly male (>65%), older (>60 yo), & w/ comorbidities (>55%)
-most patients (82%) also received dexamethasone
-they received Toci early in hospitalization but were 7-14 days after onset
2/
Notably, only 83% of patients in the Toci group actually received Toci (plus 2.6% randomized to the UC group got Toci); this would decrease the effect size and bias the towards null.

This means their ITT analysis is probably *underestimating* the true effect size somewhat.

3/
Read 13 tweets
5 Jan
It kinda irks me when someone describes a vital sign or lab value as “incompatible with life.”

Here’s a @tweetorial all about the extremes of physiology.

Case #1:
A 10 yo ____ presents with the following vital signs.
T 109F RR 30 HR 300 BP 142/116

Fill in the blank
Answer: 🐓

A chicken's "normal" Temp is 103-110F (w/ HR 220-360) & they live up to 11 yrs.
The Hummingbird would be quite bradycardia (“normal" HR 800-1200 when active)
The Desert ant (Cataglyphis bicolor) has a higher temp (up to 122F!) but doesn't live 10 yrs or have that BP
Case #2:
An *arterial* blood gas is obtained from a ___ showing
pH 7.37 / PCO2 50 / PaO2 20 / HCO3 26
(yup it really is arterial)

Fill in the blank
Read 14 tweets
5 Jan
Meta-analysis of antibiotic prescribing in #COVID19 inpatients finds:
-74.6% received antibiotics 💊
-8.6% had bacterial co-infection 🧫

At first glance, this suggests that we’re *way* overprescribing Abx in COVID. But there are some caveats.
1/3

clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-…
First, Abx prescribing was much higher earlier in the pandemic (January 86% vs April 63%) and higher in China (76%) compared to the US (65%) & Europe (63%).

This suggests that overprescribing may be less of an issue currently and in the US.
2/3
Second, only 5 studies (out of 154) reported the Abx duration. We don’t know if Abx was quickly de-escalated (appropriate) vs continued despite (-)cultures (inappropriate).

IMO It’s not wrong to start Abx in sick COVID pts so long as you promptly d/c when cultures are (-)

3/4
Read 4 tweets
25 Sep 20
🚨BIG NEWS: In January, the unpublished VICTAS trial of vitamin C in #sepsis was stopped after enrolling just 501 of a planned 2000

Now data on clinicaltrials.gov shows why, and it doesn’t look good for #vitaminC. Is this the last🔩in⚰️of the ‘metabolic cure’?

A short🧵
1/
I’ve been hopeful but more than a little skeptical about the 🍹🍋 metabolic cocktail for sepsis (vitamin C + hydrocortisone + thiamine) since the original before/after case series.

I’ve followed this literature closely & have been waiting eagerly for the results of the RCTs.
2/
Thats’s why I was excited to see that VICTAS had posted results. bit.ly/3j3Iatl

The VICTAS trial is the largest (& arguably best) of the vitamin C RCTs: a placebo-controlled, Double-blind RCT done at 43 sites across the US. The 1° endpoint was vasopressor free days.
3/
Read 6 tweets
17 Sep 20
Artificial neural networks can make impressively accurate predictions, but we must look at these models skeptically especially in medicine

This #PrePrint finds many #AI systems designed to recognize #COVID19 on CXRs are finding shortcuts not signal.bit.ly/3c72lUo
A🧵
1/ Image
The authors found that these apparently impressive ANNs were poorly generalizable (i.e., the performance was much worse on a new validation set compared to the training set).

Compare the red vs. green ROC curves. The performance drops from an AUC of 0.99 to 0.7! Yikes!
2/ Image
There’s a reason for this: They used one dataset for all their positive images and a separate dataset for all their negative images.

This is risky for confounding because the model could pick up on any number of differences in CXRs that aren’t clinically meaningful.
3/
Read 6 tweets
14 Sep 20
#CriticalCare non-COVID teaching case:
An elderly man is admitted to the surgical ICU for monitoring after an uncomplicated kidney transplant. You notice this funny pattern on his arterial line tracing. What’s going on here?
#FOAMcc #FOAMed
1/ Printout of arterial line t...Monitor showing pulsus alte...
What’s going on here?
2/
This is pulsus alternans: an alternating strong & weak pulse.

Based on the A-line tracing POCUS was performed that reveled a markedly reduced EF. Coronary angiography showed no obstruction and a diagnosis of stress CM was made. The patient recovered with medical therapies.
3/
Read 9 tweets

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