maintaining databases to guide evidence-based decision-making in a public health crisis
supporting the #VACAUSAL Methods Core, a collaboration of @VABostonHC and Harvard's @CAUSALab, for state-of-the art comparative effectiveness/safety research.
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@ProfMattFox 1/
The odds ratio from a case-control study is an unbiased estimator of the
a. odds ratio in the underlying cohort when we sample controls among non-cases
b. rate ratio in the underlying cohort when we use with incidence density sampling
No rare outcome assumption required.
@ProfMattFox 2/
Because the odds ratio is approximately equal to the risk ratio when the outcome is rare, the odds ratio from a case-control study approximates the risk ratio in the underlying cohort when we sample controls among non-cases and the outcome is rare.
But...
@ProfMattFox 3/
... for an unbiased estimator of the risk ratio (regardless of the outcome being rare), we need a case-base design, not a classical case-control design.
Of course, all of the above only applies to time-fixed treatments or exposures.
1/ We recently confirmed the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine outside of randomized trials @NEJM. nejm.org/doi/full/10.10…
Studies like ours are being used to promote a vaccine passport to travel in the US, UK, and European Union.
A few clarifications are in order.
2/
Before we start, a disclaimer:
Vaccine passports involve complex ethical, economic, and political considerations.
Here I talk exclusively about scientific issues. The goal is that those making decisions have a better understanding of what we do and do not know as of today.
3/ Based on our study, we can say confidently that the vaccine is highly effective in preventing you from getting sick with #COVID19.
Based on our study, we can't say confidently that the vaccine is highly effective in preventing you from getting infected and infecting others.