This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of increasing dietary protein ingestion to improve lean body mass gain, skeletal muscle strength, and physical function in healthy subjects.
- Additional protein ingestion together with resistance training leads to small additional lean body mass and lower body strength.
- This effect seems to be more prominent in younger subjects ingesting ≥1.6 g/kg/day.
- Lower body muscle strength was also marginally increased by additional protein ingestion in studies with resistance exercise training.
- Bench press strength, handgrip strength, and performance in physical or functional tests were slightly or not affected by ingestion of additional protein.
- The number of studies with healthy older subjects to conduct a proper analysis is relatively low.
- "...it is noteworthy that in ~80% of the studies, baseline protein ingestion was at least 1.2 g of protein/kg/day"
Systematic review and meta-analysis of protein intake to support muscle mass and function in healthy adults (open access)
This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comes to the conclusion that ~700 METs-min/week is the minimal dose to elicit clinically important changes in cognition in older adults.
- The estimated minimal exercise dose found that can elicit clinically relevant changes in cognition was 724 METs-min per week, with doses beyond the upper bound of WHO recommended level of physical activity providing less clear benefits.
- 724 METs-min per week is slightly above the lower bound of WHO recommended level of physical activity (i.e. 600 METs-min per week, equivalent to 150 min/week of moderate intensity or 75 min/week of vigorous activity).
This one suggests that conventional daily caffeine intake does not provide sufficient time for the elimination of caffeine and paraxanthine.
- Worse still, even though the salivary caffeine nearly reaches a clear state, the caffeine-associated brain responses seem to require a longer time to be fully restored.
"The concurrence of a reduced hippocampal GM intensity and an incomplete caffeine elimination, together with a GM recovery after being deprived of caffeine, underscore the importance of a sufficient cessation period...
This Mendelian randomization analysis suggests that VAT mass is associated with a wide range of CVD outcomes including coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, vascular diseases, and stroke, with some circulating proteins being potential mediators of this association.
- Among these proteins, genetically estimated VAT mass had the highest OR value for the expression of leptin.
- Excessive VAT increased the level of leptin and further increased the incidence of all-cause heart failure, atrial fibrillation and flutter, DVT of lower extremities, pulmonary embolism, and DVT of lower extremities and pulmonary embolism.
This study explored the effect of three different modes of resistance training on appetite hormones, cardiometabolic and anthropometric measures in males with obesity.
- 44 males with obesity were randomized to traditional resistance training (TRT, n = 11), circuit resistance training (CRT, n = 11), interval resistance training (IRT, n = 11) or control (C, n = 11) groups.
- All resistance training groups received 50 min of supervised training per session, three days per week, for 12 weeks.
This one suggests that individuals with high serum microRNA-122 levels may be less responsive during diet/physical activity-induced weight loss, as far as hepatic fat content loss is concerned.
- In the current study of participants with abdominal obesity or dyslipidemia from an 18-month randomized, controlled diet and physical activity intervention trial, it was observed that serum miR-122 levels were positively associated with hepatic fat percentage at baseline.
- A greater elevation in miR-122 from baseline to 18 months was associated with a smaller reduction in hepatic fat content during the 18-month intervention process.