Thread by @dbirch214

1-Thread-Upwelling.
In previous thread i talked about the Great Ocean Conveyor and it's journey around the Planet, in this thread we will look at "Upwelling" (Rise of cold water) to the surface.

2. wonder how the deep water comes back to the surface?, well This happens in locations where the flow of the surface currents makes room for the water below to come to the surface – to 'upwell'. The upwelled water is generally much colder than the surrounding surface waters.

3.
These upwelling areas are crucial for life in the ocean, as upwelled water is rich in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.
At depth, where there is no sunlight, these nutrients are of no use, until it reaches the "Sunlit zone".

4..
nutrients in this Zone allow the growth of phytoplankton, the tiny algal cells at the bottom of the marine food chain.
Phytoplankton are grazed by zooplankton, small animals that are in turn eaten by fish, so the upwelling regions support rich fisheries.

5..
Satellites give us a handy overview of where upwelling happens. Everywhere, except in polar seas, the upwelling areas are characterized by sea surface temperatures that are lower than their surroundings and by higher phytoplankton concentrations.

6..
Coastal upwelling occurs in regions where winds push surface water off-shore and is replaced by deeper water. There are a number of smaller upwelling regions around the world, but the main coastal upwelling systems are found on the eastern side of the ocean basins.
As above.

7..
*The Canary Current *upwelling system, *The Benguela Current upwelling system, *The California Current upwelling system,
*The Peru Current upwelling system.
Each support a rich ecosystem, and commercially important fisheries.

8..
These large marine ecosystems are increasingly under threat from over-exploitation, pollution and habitat modifications, and actions should be taken to protect these valuable resources.
Not words on reports in papers..Action!.

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Example.
The Beguela Current LME is the strongest coastal upwelling system in the world. It is highly productive and supports a rich fishery with catches of rock lobster, cods, hakes and haddock, sardines and anchovies of over a million tons per year.
Image prior AGW Scare.

10..
Sardines and anchovies spawn on the Agulhas Bank, and their eggs and larvae drift with the westward current back into the Benguela system.
These small fishes are a crucial source of food for larger species, lose these lose the "catch"!.

11..
During Natural Ocean events like El Nińo Sea surface temperatures "Cut off" this upwelling (Thermocline) which in effect halt the formation of the food chain, hence off the coast of Peru fishing becomes severely affected.
This is part of the Global food chain!.

12..
Oceanographers have long known that currents at the sea surface have an impact on the elevation of the sea surface itself. They cause bumps (hills) and troughs (valleys) on the sea surface, variations of level that would simply not be there if the water were still.

13..
When talking abt sea level rise (SLR) we must account for "Hill-Valley" area temperatures not just spout words of Global catastrophe of SLR, it's part of the Great Ocean feedback.
Not CO2 not you but mother Nature itself!.
End thread.