2. Retreat and relocate. This involves moving infrastructure and property back away from the area of risk and allowing the coast to do its thing in a more natural manner. There are big challenges with how you do this and manage people who own beachfront property.
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3. Soft engineering solutions. This includes doing things like beach nourishment and rebuilding dunes using "soft" approaches like fences. It has costs and does not provide a hard line beyond which the beach cannot erode.
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