2. Retreat and relocate. This involves moving infrastructure and property back away from the area of risk and allowing the coast to do its thing in a more natural manner. There are big challenges with how you do this and manage people who own beachfront property.
š§µ[2/5]
3. Soft engineering solutions. This includes doing things like beach nourishment and rebuilding dunes using "soft" approaches like fences. It has costs and does not provide a hard line beyond which the beach cannot erode.
š§µ[3/5]
4. Hard engineering solutions. This includes things like seawalls and breakwaters and can be combined with other approaches like beach nourishment. It provides a hard line beyond which the beach doesn't erode but can add to erosion problems.
š§µ [4/5]
Which option/s a community chooses depends on a whole lot of things including how much money they have and what is most important to them.