Thread by @PhD_Leigh

You've heard of #IntermittentFasting, but do you know the science? That's where @nutritionorg comes in! The next session features @DrKristaVarady, @LongoOnlus, @SatchinPanda, & @Kelsey_Lifts. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

First alternate day fasting and time restricted eating (TER). #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

There are 3 types of intermittent fasting: alternate day (ADF), 5:2, and TRE. What do clinicians fear about ADF? Binging. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

People don't seem to binge on the feast day of ADF, though. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Can ADF treat fatty liver? Here's the study design 👇 #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Adherence was high! 🤯 #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

The ADF + exercise group was effective at reducing fat in the liver. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

This is largely driven by weight loss. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Metabolism also improved! #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Longer studies needed especially to determine if the combination is truly superior to ADF alone. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

How are people implementing TRE? They are keeping dinner to be social. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Time restricted eating blew up on social media and in pop culture...but the studies were lacking. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

What's a nutrition scientist to do? A research study! #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Whoops wrong pic, meant this one. 👇 But good you know they were adherent.
#Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

TRE reduced calorie intake (less time to eat!) without calorie counting. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

There's some weight loss. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Should we shorten the window to improve weight loss? Let's science! #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Weight loss was a bit quicker. People were adherent for this short term study.
#Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

But were they really keeping to only 4 hours? The results are certainly not dose-response. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

What about diet quality? They stayed the same (not healthy at the beginning), just less of it. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Why is time restricted eating so popular? It's REALLY simple. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Now onto the Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) and it's effect on #cancer and #aging. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Caloric restriction is a powerful intervention to lengthen lifespan AND healthspan. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Caloric restriction is extreme and not very feasible in humans, so development of an alternative was the logical next step. The goal: make a diet that can mimic water only fasting. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Another benefit of fasting (in mice) is improved survival from cancer. Could an FMD do the same? #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

What about cancer in humans? In spite of low compliance in this one study, results are promising. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

There appears to be a dose-response to this effect. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

The mechanism is being elucidated in mice. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

What can one FMD cycle do in humans? It's pretty impressive--not catabolic! #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Metabolism and blood panels improve. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

The most impressive results are in blood glucose control. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Here's the model of the benefits of FMD in humans. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Now onto #circadian rhythms and TRE.
#Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Every organ has a peak time(s). Also, time without food is needed for repair.
#Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Eating at the wrong time, e.g. at night, can disrupt the natural circadian rhythms, disrupting function and repair.
#Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

And there's growing science to show that. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Why is circadian rhythm disruption so detrimental to health? It touches many systems throughout the body. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

This, circadian rhythm disruption is linked to many different diseases.
#Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

This has been clearly shown in mice and is reversible by reinstating the time of eating to support circadian rhythms.
#Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

The final speaker takes us into the clinic. How do we implement intermittent fasting?
#Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Right now these groups should not fast. (Research on safety is missing or potentially worrisome.) #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Who can benefit from fasting with medical supervision? #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

The initial 3 months of intermittent fasting tends to the greatest weight loss, so monitoring should be greatest during this time. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

What about blood glucose control with intermittent fasting? This can be done safely. Monitoring is key. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

Managing diabetes medications during intermittent fasting is also a crucial part of medical management.
#Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline

More research, especially long term, is needed for all forms of intermittent fasting. #Nutrition2022 #NutritionLiveOnline