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Once again (even before the June 1 official start), the Atlantic #hurricane (#TropicalCyclone) season kicked off with a whole ‘nother type—a subtropical storm. #SubtropicalStormAndrea was 2019's first named Atlantic storm.(1/10)
Two of the previous three seasons also started earlier than June 1 with subtropical storms that eventually transformed into tropical entities—#TropicalStormAlberto last year and #HurricaneAlex in 2016. Andrea did not take that leap. (2/10)
Subtropical storms are hybrids—drawing on energy that’s partly from low-level temperature contrasts (extratropical style) and partly from the seasonally warming seawater below (tropical style). (3/10)
Certain conditions of upper-air flow encourage this subtropical-to-tropical transition. Watch for these conditions early in the season, but they kick into even higher gear August–November. (4/10)
Thats 1 of many revealing findings in a recent Monthly Weather Review paper on these transitions by Alicia Bentley & UAlbany colleagues. They develop schematics of upper-air & subtropical storm interaction leading to tropical transition: journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.11…. #MonWeaRev (5/10)
This schematic is for a cutoff low. (6/10) 
This schematic is for a meriodonal trough. (7/10)
This schematic is for a zonal trough. (8/10)
This paper is the epitome of #MonWeaRev—full of thorough synoptic/dynamic analysis insights for forecasters, researchers, and weather watchers alike. It's a reason the journal sustains a 147-year tradition of probing the key questions in its field. (9/10)
Again and again, papers like Bentley et al. show how you can command the attention of the meteorological community in #MonWeaRev. (10/10)
