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Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
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4 Jun, 6 tweets, 5 min read
How did #India fare? The graphic tells the whole story:
➡️Brutal onslaught by #B16172: having the highest transmissibility & most immune evader of all VOCs with higher virulence?
➡️No support from Vaccination (negligible coverage & high breakthrough, but reinfections rare) 1/
➡️ Social mitigation measures worked! Or the virus ran out of steam? Or still too early to conclude?
➡️ India struggled (significant mortality/health infrastructure collapsed) but survived!! 2/
New study on immune escape potential of #B16172 in comparison to #B1351 w/ #BNT162b2 vaccine: More immune evader than even B1351 VOC! Significant loss of antibody neutralisation vs live B16172 (-5.8x, akin to B.1.351) @TheLancet 3/
thelancet.com/journals/lance…
Increased age & time since 2nd dose correlated with reduced virus neutralisation across all strains. Not unusual, but given low starting titres vs #B16172, more of a concern to see neutralisation “dropping off”, significantly. Boosters may be needed!! 4/
…………starting from a lower titre (#B16172) means small changes in NAbs titre now likely to have larger effect on vaccine efficacy! 5/
More on immune escape with #B16172 & other VOCs by @DavidLVBauer 👇 6/

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More from @vipintukur

Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
5 Jun
What does #HerdImmunity mean in context with #SARSCoV2?
We don’t need the entire population to be vaccinated or the vaccines to be 100% effective (they never are); we just need them to reduce infection rates enough to get us <1. That is herd immunity 1/

wsj.com/articles/the-c…
The issue is more complex. Despite achieving high seropositivity in certain regions, resurgences have occurred. And in certain regions/countries, the virus suddenly retracted even in the absence of a significant sero-positivity 2/
It is not a pure mathematics. There is an interplay of infection or vaccine-induced immunity & the evolution in the virus. The 'Ro' is not a fixed number--keep on changing with the virus transmissibility. With this changes the thresholds to achieve 3/
Read 6 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
3 Jun
#CDC has recently reported myocarditis & pericarditis cases following #mRNA #vaccination in adolescents & young adults in the US. Are these the first reported cases of cardiac involvement following mRNA vaccines? 1/
cdc.gov/coronavirus/20…
Fortunately, these incidents are extremely rare events. But, have the agencies overlooked earlier signals? Are these cases indeed related to mRNA vaccines? Are the vaccines responsible? If yes, what could be the probable mechanism? 2/
Few cases of post-vaccination myocarditis, heart failure & heart attacks have been reported in #Israel since December soon after the launch of #Pfizer mRNA vaccine. Health officials referred them as “A murky wave of heart attacks” 3/
israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx…
Read 17 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
29 May
We know that the two Ad-vector based vaccines, #AstraZeneca & #JNJ lead to clot-related complications like cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. We also know these events are referred to as ‘Vaccine induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia’ (VITT). But what lead to these complications? 1/
Now a new explanation for VITT seen with vector vaccines. “Vaccine-Induced #Covid19 Mimicry” Syndrome: Splice reactions within the #SARSCoV2 Spike ORF result in ‘Spike protein variants’ that may cause thromboembolic events in patients immunized with vector-based vaccines 2/
These soluble Spike #variants may initiate severe side effects when binding to #ACE2-expressing #endothelial cells in blood vessels 3/
Read 27 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
29 May
Now, it seems, we are close to solve this puzzle. A spurt of studies are favoring natural infection. In this new study from Lombardy, Italy, only 0.3% people got re-infected 1 Year after primary infection. Uninfected had 13-15 times higher infections 1/
jamanetwork.com/journals/jamai…
Another study documenting at least 1 year protection following natural infection: medrxiv.org/content/10.110… 2/
Earlier we thought natural SARSCoV2 infection fails to produce long lasting plasma cells in the bone marrow. But now we have evidence 👇
Even mild #Covid infection induces a robust antigen-specific, long-lived plasma cells in 3/
nature.com/articles/s4158…
Read 4 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
26 May
Shocking! Can’t the rich countries postpone vaccination of their less susceptible population & donate excess quota of vaccines to the underprivileged, LMICs of Africa?
Need such policies to spare more vaccine doses for the needy. We now have plenty of data on the futility of the 2nd vaccine dose to the pre-infected, seropositive individuals

thelancet.com/journals/ebiom…
This research has relevance to India also.
A single dose #ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine serves as an effective immune booster after priming with natural #SARSCoV2 infection up to at least 11 months post infection.

medrxiv.org/content/10.110… ImageImage
Read 5 tweets
Vipin M. Vashishtha Profile picture
21 May
Antibodies or the T-cells?

Which arm is crucial for viral clearance & protection against #SARSCoV2? 1/
Early on in the #pandemic questions arose regarding how #SARSCoV2 is cleared during acute/primary infection & what aspects of the #adaptive immune were necessary and sufficient for protection from repeat infection 2/
Using mouse models of SARSCoV2,@BenIsraelow Rt al demonstrate that both humoral and cellular adaptive immunity contributes to viral clearance in the setting of primary infection 3/
Read 9 tweets

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