Prof Claire J. Horwell 😷 Profile picture
Jul 12, 2021 11 tweets 4 min read Read on X
Short 🧵to address this comment. The public do not need to be fit tested in order to wear an FFP3/N99 or FFP2/N95 mask. Here's why: 1/
2/ Fit testing is a procedure which employers are legally obliged to undertake to ensure the safety of workers in dusty industries. It ensures that respirators fit so that workers are protected from the constant exposure to potentially toxic dusts, that they receive over a shift. Image
3/ Whilst it would be great to fit test the public, it is not practical or possible. Nevertheless, FFP2/3 N95/99 masks are widely used, especially in humanitarian crises, by the public and are even donated by major mask manufacturers, for public use, during these crises.
4/ It is correct that if you don't wear a certified mask properly, or if it is not a good fit to your face, then it will not be as protective as it could be. But it is not correct that it offers no more protections than a surgical mask.
5/ Pre-covid, we conducted tests on FFP2 & surgical masks, for community use during 🌋ash exposures. We found that, with no fit training or testing, FFP2 masks were still much more effective at filtering PM2.5 (tiny particles) than surgical masks. sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
6/ This is because FFP2/N95 masks are designed to make a close seal to the face, in the first place. Surgical masks are not. BUT, you may need to try on a few masks to find the one that fits your face shape best. And you need to follow instructions on how to wear it properly.
7/ For my 🌋project, we made a video to demonstrate how to fit #N95 and other masks, because it's important for these #facemasks to fit correctly.
8/ We also made a leaflet: ivhhn.org/information/pu… Image
9/ Until now, there was an ethical question as to whether the public should deplete resources required for healthcare etc.
18 months into this pandemic, my opinion is that there has been adequate time for governments to secure supply chains, if they choose to do so.
5.5/ Meant to add in this tweet from @trishgreenhalgh reporting lab studies with artificial respiratory aerosol:
10/ And manufacturers have hugely increased capacity.

The point is that fit testing checks fit. But, you can get a very good idea yourself by following instructions and checking if you can feal leakage of air around the edge of a mask, and adjusting fit/trying different masks.

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More from @claire_horwell

Aug 25, 2022
Are you worried about #Covid risk travelling abroad and, especially, on planes? Here's a short #facemask 🧵... yes, it has been a while!

I recently travelled long-haul to Nepal and Indonesia (same trip) and was very concerned about getting Covid. I didn't get #COVID19! 1/
2/ I was worried because I haven't had Covid yet, so I didn't know how ill I would be. But, I was also worried because my work insurance didn't cover extra costs associated with quarantine, which was mandatory in Indonesia ... and I wanted to get home for my holiday!
3/ My main mitigation measure was masks but I also asked the project team in Nepal & Indonesia if we could eat outdoors/ in private rooms in restaurants and we took enough LFTs for the team to test every day. In both Nepal & Indonesia it was still mandated to wear masks indoors.
Read 19 tweets
Apr 6, 2022
For those of us outside of #Ukraine, the war is remote; horrific images on news channels - hard to really comprehend. A colleague, Kateryna Terletska, an academic from #Kyiv, has let me share the story of her family's escape and the traumatic losses and guilt she is bearing.🧵1/
2/ Kateryna is a mathematician - a fluid dynamicist working on oceanography and climate change. Before the war, she made a beautiful documentary about women in science: .
Please watch and share it. #WomenInSTEM
3/ She was winner of L'Oréal-UNESCO Women in Science Ukraine award 2019. She is social media coordinator for @EuroGeosciences's Natural Hazards Division @NH_EGU.
Read 12 tweets
Jan 28, 2022
#KidsMasks🧵cont.: Over the past week, we have tried more vertical-fold #FFP2 #facemasks for kids. We haven't yet found any that fit my kids (or my!) faces properly. Here's why, and also some suggestions for adaptations to improve fit: 1/
#BetterMasks
#MaskUp
2/ Here are the 4 masks we tried. The black one was the one we had already. It fits well on my kids (aged 15 and 11) except around the nose where the clip doesn't stay moulded, letting air out (and in) around the edges. Image
3/ These 2 masks are the same brand. But one is XXS and the other is called 'kids'. As far as we could tell, they were the same. NB, the earloops were different lengths (on the same mask!). They were too small; didn't extend under chin. Poor nose clip let air out - clear gaps. Image
Read 9 tweets
Jan 7, 2022
What are 'non-disposable' hi-fi #masks and are they effective respiratory protection? Another short 🧵...

Disclaimer: To demonstrate mask features/types, I will show example images of masks and credit their source. I do not endorse these or any brands, or specific masks.
1/
2/ I will discuss 2 types of non-disposable #facemasks. The 1st has layer/s of #N95/#FFP2 material internally and usually cotton outer layers. They are marketed as being washable & re-usable. The 2nd is called an '#elastomeric' or 'half-face' #respirator. Images: @vogmask @3M
3/ Important: if the mask comes with a certification (e.g. CE mark in the UK/EU; NIOSH-CDC label in the US) then they have been tested and fulfil the requirements of relevant product standard e.g. #FFP2/#N95. If this is absent, the mask may use the materials but not be certified.
Read 14 tweets
Jan 5, 2022
Since I posted this tweet, people made suggestions on how to improve fit. Since #bifold #masks are the most commonly available, I decided to try them again, in the context of considering them for my kids who now need to wear masks in school classrooms and communal spaces. 1/
2/ I bought some standard sized #FFP2 bi-fold masks from a major online retailer. 10 masks for £10 - good value. I have a narrow, small face, so quite good analogue for some kids. As soon as they arrived, I could see they would be large on me (photo pre-fitting). Image
3/ I first flattened the nose clip, as people had commented that this sorted out the issue of the masks coming with the nose clip bent in half. This can lead to a 'pinched' clip which lets air in and out between the mask and the bridge of the nose. Image
Read 10 tweets
Jan 1, 2022
Following my @guardianopinion article, people asked which #mask I recommend. I won't recommend a specific brand or model but I can recommend features of masks that will enhance comfort and fit. This🧵relates to industry-certified masks. 1/ theguardian.com/commentisfree/…
#BetterMasks
2/ Firstly, what do I mean by 'industry-certified'? These respirators conform to (and have passed tests for) industry standards of filtration efficiency (at a minimum). To cut a long story short, mainly #N95/N99 (US), #FFP2/FFP3 (Europe/UK) & KF94 (Korea). theguardian.com/commentisfree/…
3/ Although these masks pass tests for how well they filter (capture) particles & aerosol, and all are excellent at doing this, the actual effectiveness of your mask also depends on how well it seals to your face. This also depends on your face shape/size. sciencedirect.com/science/articl… Image
Read 16 tweets

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