This is one of the most concerning examples of #SARS-CoV-2 persistence to date 👉 The team found SARS-CoV-2 RNA + Spike protein in the stool of 11/14 newborn babies born to mothers who had #COVID-19 resolve 10+ weeks before delivery: nature.com/articles/s4139…
2/ The team concludes that “the findings suggest in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and possible persistent intestinal #viral reservoirs in the newborns”
3/ It is important to note that all newborns that harbored SARS-CoV-2 in stool were negative for the #virus via nasal PCR. The team also found that stool homogenates from all 14 newborns in the study elicited elevated inflammatory IL-6 + IFN-γ from macrophages
4/ The team writes that “Increased induction of these cytokines in the #neonatal intestine by viral RNAs may impact the immune cell development and immune landscape in the neonatal intestine and may potentially affect disease susceptibility in later life.”
5/ And also that “The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs and Spike protein in the intestines of newborns may potentially impact the development of the gut #microbiome and the immune system”
6/ Last, one newborn died from gestational autoimmune liver disease (GALD) and another developed necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). While there is not enough evidence link the conditions directly to the SARS-CoV-2/spike persistence…
7/ …both NEC and GALD have been previously linked to intestinal inflammation and #infection-associated autoantibody responses (respectively)
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New @polybioRF podcast 👉 I interviewed Dr. Diane Griffin: A Chair of Molecular Microbiology/Immunology at Johns Hopkins. We discuss RNA virus persistence w/ implications for LongCovid. Listen on Spotify (open.spotify.com/episode/4ICxWL…) or watch on Youtube ()
2/ Diane explains how RNA from viruses such as measles, Ebola, Zika and SARS-CoV-2 can perisist in host cells for years after acute infection despite patients not being overtly infectious. This viral RNA is often transcriptionally active and can modulate the host immune response
3/ In fact these RNA #viruses have evolved many mechanisms to maintain RNA persistence in host cells. These include extending the lives of infected cells, or trimming parts of their genomes to better evade immune detection (paper below by Dr. Griffin): journals.plos.org/plosbiology/ar…
This important study found a significantly elevated frequency of #SARS-CoV-2-specific TNF-α-producing CD8+ T cells in patients with pulmonary #LongCovid (PASC). PASC subjects experienced an average symptom duration of over 6 months: journals.plos.org/plospathogens/…
2/ This is how the authors interpret the finding: "This increased frequency could be detected in response to peptide pools of all the #viral structural proteins in comparison to the resolved #COVID-19 (RC) cohort.
3/ Interestingly, these T cells were also significantly higher in female PASC participants compared to males, which may contribute to the higher prevalence of PASC in #women
This is the most straightforward explanation for chronic symptoms in at least a subset of #LongCovid patients. Partly b/c if the #virus is still present its activity can directly contribute to other phenomena also being documented in LongCovid
2/ Persistence of #SARS-CoV-2 in tissue could lead to shedding of spike protein into blood, which can catalyze the ongoing formation of microclots and hyperactivated platelets
3/ Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 can lead to ongoing downregulation of interferon and/or T cell signaling by the virus, creating an optimal atmosphere for activation of EBV or other #pathogens normally controlled by such immunity
New @polybioRF podcast. I interviewed Dr. Tobias Lanz: MD + researcher in the lab of Prof. William Robinson at the Department of Rheumatology/Immunology at Stanford School of Medicine. Listen on Spotify (open.spotify.com/episode/4bTQss…) or watch on Youtube ()
2/ In the interview Tobias discusses this breakthrough study he led at Stanford. It showed that a cross-reactive antibody can contribute to #MS neuroinflammation thanks to molecular mimcry b/t an EBV viral protein (EBNA1) + a human CNS protein (GlialCAM): nature.com/articles/s4158…
3/ Tobias also describes this recent Harvard study which further implicates #EBV as a driver of MS. He talks about treatment for MS now that #viral activity is understood to be at the heart of the disease process: science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…
New @polybioRF podcast: I interviewed Dr. Alessio Fasano: Chief of the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition at MassGeneral Hospital for Children. Watch on Youtube () or listen on an App like Spotify (open.spotify.com/episode/3KZGCX…)
2/ Alessio discusses this study: His team showed that in children with MIS-C, #SARS-CoV-2 gut reservoir led to release of zonulin (a biomaker of intestinal permeability) + subsequent trafficking of spike protein to into blood, leading to hyperinflammation: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34032635/
3/ Alessio and team are using a zonulin inhibitor called Larazotide to improve gut permeability/SARS-CoV-2 spike leakage in #MIS-C (the drug may also have antviral properties). They are ready to start a Larazotide trial in #LongCovid too if funded