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Menguasai tenses bahasa Inggris
Cepat dan Mudah
(A thread)
Pertama-tama, kita perlu untuk belajar 4 tenses ini terlebih dahulu:
- Simple Present
- Past simple
- Future simple
- Present perfect
Kenapa? Karena 4 tenses ini porsi pemakaiannya sebesar 90% dari kebiasaan penuturan bahasa Inggris. 12 tenses yg lain, cuma 10% aja pemakaiannya.
1) Simple Present
Digunakan saat:
- Menyatakan kebenaran umum
- Menyatakan kebiasaan pada masa sekarang.
- Menyatakan kejadian pada masa sekarang.
Contoh:
1. Germany is a country in Europe.
2. I study everyday.
3. She currently works in Australia.
2) Simple Past
Digunakan saat menyatakan kejadian di masa lalu. (Fokusnya di TITIK kejadian)
Contoh:
1. I went to library yesterday.
2. My grandma visited me last week.
3. I got a gift from my girlfriend.
3) Future Simple
Digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana atau sesuatu yg akan terjadi di masa mendatang (Fokusnya di TITIK kejadian)
Contoh:
1. I will go to hospital tomorrow.
2. She will live in Russia next year.
3. Indonesian capital will be in Kalimantan.
4) Present Perfect
Fokus pada kejadian dng kata kunci "SUDAH"/"TELAH", di mana waktu kejadian tidak begitu penting.
1. I have already eaten. (Aku SUDAH makan).
2. You have won the match. (Kamu TELAH memenangkan pertandingan).
3. She has arrived. (Dia SUDAH sampai).
Nah, setelah 4 tenses tersebut kita kuasai, saatnya tenses berikut perlu kita pelajari:
- Present Continuous
- Past Continuous
- Past Perfect
- Present Perfect continuous
Keempat tenses ini muncul sebanyak 8% dari penuturan bahasa Inggris.
5) Present Continuous
Fokus pada TITIK kejadian yang sekarang MASIH berlangsung. Kata kuncinya: "sekarang lagi".
Don't make a noise. My brother is sleeping. (Jangan berisik, sekarang saudaraku LAGI tidur.)
6) Past Continuous
Fokus pada TITIK kejadian yang berlangsung pada masa lalu. Kata kuncinya: "sewaktu aku lagi ..."
When I was walking in the park, I saw a pretty girl.
(Sewaktu aku lagi berjalan di taman, aku melihat gadis cantik).
7) Past Perfect
Fokus pada kejadian dng kata kunci "SUDAH"/"TELAH", di mana patokan waktu kejadian cenderung dijelaskan.
I had already studied before the exam.
(Aku sudah belajar sebelum ujian).
8) Present Perfect Continuous
Fokus pada kejadian yang sedang berlangsung, durasinya cenderung dijelaskan. Kata kuncinya "sudah... selama..."
I have been waiting for one hour and no bus is coming.
(Aku sudah menunggu selama satu jam dan tidak ada bus yang datang.)
Terakhir, 8 tenses berikut JARANG digunakan, sehingga bisa dipelajari belakangan:
- Past Perfect Continuous
- Future Perfect Continuous
- Future Continuous
- Future Perfect
- Past Future
- Past Future Continuous
- Past Future Perfect
- Past Future Perfect Continuous
Bahkan sebenarnya, 8 tenses jarang ini otomatis sudah dapat kita pahami penggunaannya karena konsepnya adalah turunan dari 8 tenses utama yg udah kita pelajari.
Tenses ini pun gak begitu cocok dipelajari di level dasar atau menengah, cocoknya dipelajari di level tinggi.
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