Thread by @QuillAudits

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Decoding #Ethereum Rollups: zk, zkVM, zkEVM

Last week, a trio of @Scroll_ZKP, @0xPolygon, and @zksync announcements had something in common:

Each company implied it would be the “first” to bring a zkEVM to market.

🔽MEGA...🧵👇

TL; DR

➚➚There are several applications for zero-knowledge proof in blockchain scaling and privacy since it can ensure computational integrity, accuracy, and privacy.

➚➚Both zk-SNARK and zk-STARK have advantages, but their combination offers more possibilities.

#ETH

➚➚ZkVM provides zero-knowledge proofs for applications, and it can be divided into the mainstream, #EVM, and newly-built instruction sets.

➚➚Equivalence, specification-level compatibility, and EVM compatibility are all types of EVM compatibility.

$ETH $BTC

➚EVM-compatible and zero-knowledge proof-friendly, zkEVM is a computing environment. Both native-based and compiler-based approaches can be used.

➚Future of #Ethereum & blockchain is native-based zkEVM.

➚Future of Web3 is a universal zkVM that supports the @solidity_lang.
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A Brief Overview—

Zk is undoubtedly the most innovative and ideal scaling & privacy solution available in the blockchain industry today (validity proof without zk) (true zk).

#Web3 | #Ethereum

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Projects like @Filecoin, Mina, @zcash, @zksync, @TornadoCash, and zk.money make extensive use of zk.

The two primary categories of the available technical solutions are called SNARK and STARK.

#BTC

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While SNARKs accept arbitrary circuits that are preprocessed to allow concise proofs,

STARKs support scalable circuits, which means that the statement being proved has a recurring structure.

#Web3

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Technically, SNARK is more widely used, and @StarkWareLtd mostly uses STARK on a big scale in production. Here is how they compare to one another:

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If SNARK is the future of Ethereum 2.0, then STARK will be the future of @ethereum 3.0. In all, STARK’s advantages are:

$ETH #Ethereum

➡ Lower gas (scalable)

➡ Larger batch size (scalable * 2)

➡ Faster proving (scalable * 3)

➡ No trusted setup (the generated parameters are only valid for the current application and need to be re-setup if there are changes)

➡ Post-quantum security

#Ethereum

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zkVM—

A virtual computer called #zkVM uses zero-knowledge proofs to ensure secure and provable dependability.

#Ethereum | #cryptocurrecy

Simply said, #zkVM is a trusted machine into which you can insert the previous state and a programme to get the new state.

It permits the superpower of zero-knowledge proofs to be granted to all applications.

#ETH #BTC

In one slide, Miden's presentation at $ETH Amsterdam provided a useful summary of what zkVM actually is:

#ETH

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EVM—

The execution environment for executing smart contracts can be considered the EVM or Ethereum virtual machine.

Different blockchains have been attempting to be EVM-compatible for several years to access the #Ethereum development ecosystem.

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zkEVM—

Let’s take a look at #zkEVM.

By definition, zkEVM is an EVM-compatible and zero-knowledge proof-friendly virtual machine that guarantees the correctness of programs, operations, and inputs and outputs.

...ENDS!

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