1/12: Analysing politics in #Ethiopia is to try to capture a moving target. Our scholarly approach and understanding have over decades been "blunted" by the incessant fundamental political events happening every so often: large scale conflicts, mass atrocities, revolutions, etc.
2/12: This constant stream of political shocks has become a “normal”, leading to a heedless state of mind and blunting our methodological and analytical approaches and frames in understanding long durée political evolvement in #Ethiopia.
3/12: The developments over the past few years, should however be a wake-up call for us all. Throughout a turbulent history, some core metaphors and narratives have underpinned and projected a notion of this enduring historically imposed or imagined community called #Ethiopia.
4/12: Key among this has been the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church #EOTC. Founded in the 4th century, it is one of the oldest institutionalised #Christian communities in the world. Today however, we also observe the withering of the Church.
5/12: The Orthodox Church in #Eritrea broke away 3 decades ago; followed by #Tegaru clergy who announced the establishment of a separate Church in Tigray during the war, as a protest against Church leaders’ quiescent and even endorsement of the atrocity war on Tigray.
6/12: And now also #Oromo church leaders announce the establishment of a separate Oromo (+) synod, as an expressed response to centuries of marginalisation and lack of representation of Oromo language and culture in liturgy and Church affairs .
7/12: Why is this relevant, as the Protestants and Muslims are #EOTC is one of ? The issue is not the religious idiosyncrasy of the Church, but its representation as a core metaphor of an imagined (albeit imperial) Ethiopia – and its sovereignty, invincibility, & indivisibility.
8/12: Does the withering unity & centrality of #EOTC forewarn something more disconcerting? With a weakened & increasingly contested #Ethiopia ‘imagined community’ – what all-embracing national symbols & narratives are left representing the diverse ethno-political aspirations?
9/12: Current developments in #Ethiopia may thus signify something much more profound, deeper, and impactfull than this ancient empire has ever experienced in modern history. The question is: how should we approach this situation analytically?
10/12: Researchers and analysts ought thus to take a step back to reflect and recalibrate the temporality, spatiality, and scale of framing of the current changes in #Ethiopia, to try to understand their lasting impact.
11/12: And, let me add, diplomats, foreign envoys, and development industry, should also reflect upon how these events shape their understanding of and relationship with #Ethiopia.
12/12: It seems obvious that blindly supporting an “imagined” centre, believing in the restoration of a singular central authority, glossing over the centrifugal forces driving political developments in #Ethiopia, may not provide for its optimal sustainable development strategy.
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1/: My initial reflections on the #Tigray - #Ethiopia#peaceagreement. First, it is commendable that the parties have reached an agreement. Admittedly, this was surprising. One should sincerely hope that the agreement will pave the way for durable peace.
2/: However, the #Tigray - #Ethiopia#peaceagreement circulating (still not in signed version) leaves many questions unanswered. Although the parties have committed themselves not to question any part of the agreement, it obligates us analysts to point out some issues of concern.
2b/: A huge disclaimer here: there is confusion on which text of the agreement is authentic. The agreement I base my points on is confirmed by several internationals as authentic, but we have to wait for the full signed version to appear before one can conclude on that.
1/: The world´s biggest ongoing armed conflict is not #Russia ´s attack on #Ukraine, but #Ethiopia and #Eritrea´s massive offensives on #Tigray. Reliable estimate is that up to 1 mil. troops are engaged in the war theater.
2/: The ongoing combined #Eritrea / #Ethiopia offensives on #Tigray use WW1 tactics of ordering massive human wave attacks on Tigray defense lines. The carnage is horrendous. Likely as many as 100.000 have been slaughtered over the last weeks.
3/: #Ethiopia & #Eritrea are continuously shelling & bombing #Tigray towns, indiscriminately killing droves of civilians. The perpetuation of #Warcrimes is standard operating procedure.
#Ethiopia's civil #war finds its origin in the withering & collapse of z ruling party #EPRDF. In a new article, I explore what led to z breakdown of #Africa's biggest party, emphasizing how z process was perceived from z point of view of #TPLF. #Tigray muse.jhu.edu/article/866991…
Comparative research points to both endogamous & exogamous factors contributing to party instability. Differences in local constituencies, ideological outlooks, & policy preferences, as well as variations in ethnopolitical identities, are all factors that may undermine consensus.
Furthermore, the governance structure of the country may also impinge on party stability, because federal models may be more divisive in nature than unitary states.
1/4: @WFPCheif Beaseley is outraged & condemn #Tigray auth of #Ethiopia for “stealing” @WFP fuel from storage in Mekelle. My #UN source is equally outraged over Beaseley’s twisting of truth, when WFP initially loaned z fuel from Tigray, as is also written in their own sitrep:
2/: @WFP has during operations in #Tigray been bringing in own fuel, as well as loaning from local authorities upon signed receipt. To accuse reg gov to “steal” something which was initially given to WFP on loan is either a misappropriation of English, or appears as politicking.
3/: One may however criticize #Tigray authorities of the manner in which the fuel was taken out of the @WFP warehouses, and their notification to the WFP in this regard. But to characterize it as a “theft” by @WFPChief is something which is not becoming of that position.
1/ The #Ethiopia/n government has informed the diplomatic community in the country on the “measures taken by the Government on human rights violations related to the conflict in the northern part of the country.” #Tigray#warcrimes#CrimesAgainstHumanity#genocide
3/ ICRC in #internationalhumanitarianlaw commentary: “Commanders & other superiors are criminally responsible for war crimes committed by their subordinates if they knew, or had reason to know, that the subordinates were about to commit or were committing such crimes... (cont.)
«PM of our country & #Oromo Prosperity Party led by him have intensified their atrocities against #Amhara people by deploying z state machinery & national resources & abetting, supporting & even commandeering state terror.» facebook.com/41530829894480…
With this statement it seems #NAMA suspends its ‘collaborative’ relations with #Amhara PP, and turns into a ‘hostile opposition’. This has been expected for some time. It is thus likely that the state machinery will be turned against them with full force.
#NAMA posed the only genuine threat to #Amhara PP in the upcoming #election. With this statement it seems that they are disenfranchising from election participation (needs confirmation).