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Daphne Keller
@daphnehk
, 17 tweets, 9 min read Read on Twitter
While I'm at it, here are some of my favorite sources of empirical information in this area.
1. All the empirical studies I know about "over-removal" in legal takedowns are listed here: cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2015/10/e…
2. The best of them is Urban et al 2016. I summarize it here cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2016/04/d…
3. Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter put out fascinating data/reports under NetzDG
fbnewsroomus.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/facebo…
transparencyreport.google.com/netzdg/youtube
cdn.cms-twdigitalassets.com/content/dam/tr…
4. Facebook put out a big, multi-part info dump on its content moderation practices in 2018. It's not perfect but it was a big step forward
transparency.facebook.com/community-stan…
fbnewsroomus.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/unders…
facebook.com/communitystand…
5. YouTube put out a more robust transparency report in 2018, too transparencyreport.google.com/youtube-policy…
6. Google's data dump about three years of Right to Be Forgotten removals is super useful, both for the raw data it shows (highly aggregated, for legal reasons) and as a model/strawman for thinking about what level of granularity is reasonable to expect. transparencyreport.google.com/eu-privacy/ove….
7. The in-depth human rights audit of the Internet Watch Foundation in the UK is factual and super illuminating about the complexities of assessing content at scale, balancing state and private power, and protecting human rights. iwf.org.uk/sites/default/…
8. Harvard's @lumendatabase is an unparalleled resource for raw information about takedown demands: lumendatabase.org
9. A deep dive on another model - Reddit's diverse, forum-specific, norm- and user-drive content moderation: eegilbert.org/papers/cscw18-…
10. What companies do transparency reports, who is doing a good job, and how could they do even better? Check out:
eff.org/who-has-your-b…
newamerica.org/oti/blog/annou…
accessnow.org/transparency-r….
11. Are content filters good at identifying forbidden expression (without smacking down lawful/permitted speech at the same time)? There is woefully little research out there, even as filtering spreads. The best I know are:
engine.is/the-limits-of-…
cdt.org/insight/mixed-…
12. Do content takedowns disproportionately impact vulnerable and minority groups, are policies enforced inconsistently on the basis of race, etc.? Anecdotes abound, but empirical research is terribly hard for lack of transparency. onlinecensorship.org has reports, though.
13. There is simply no replacement for talking to the people who do content moderation in real life. @ericgoldman's groundbreaking COMO conference did just that. law.scu.edu/event/content-…
Similar events in DC and NYC built on it, as will @AlexandraQu's in Brussels & another in DC.
14. What do real people do when they think their speech and clicks are being monitored for wrongdoing? The curtail speech and research on legal and important topics. papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…
pen.org/chilling-effec…
15. What skullduggery can you find by digging around in the @lumendatabase? This story's still unfolding, but @VolokhC found people falsifying court orders, or misleading courts into issuing real ones, in order to get Google to take things down. washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-co…
11. More is needed. Here is my list of key questions for transparency and new research. We can't make sound policy when these things are left to anecdata. There is so much great work to be done!
Just realized I got up to item 15, and then numbered the next one 11. Sorry folks. I'm usually better with numbers than that.
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Daphne Keller
@daphnehk
Is platform anti-conservative bias a thing? We don’t really know bc we have no good data from platforms. We just hear from people chasing media attention. In a deep sense it’s unknowable, unless we can agree on whether e.g. barring actual Nazis = bias against conservatives. 1/
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Daphne Keller
@daphnehk
Serious thoughts on hard questions: How many people who sought out or re-posted footage of the horror in Christchurch did so because they learned about it from normal news sources? Is it possible for responsible news reporting to avoid that problem? I fear the answer is no. 1/
Some parts of an ugly picture: People who want it can reliably find horrific material in corners of the Internet like 8chan. News cycles about mainstream platforms trying to take the video down unavoidably drive more uploads and more people wanting to find the video. 2/
Once you are in that cycle, with interlocking roles for big platforms, small ones, and pro-hate ones; plus the news media, the hateful, and the curious - is there some way to break it? 3/
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Daphne Keller
@daphnehk
Something about the idea of Internet platform regulation makes lawyers forget their training. /1
We all throw our personal theories at it, as if this were some kind of blank slate issue with no precedent, lessons from the past, or existing law. /2
As a reality check, might I suggest approaching platform regulation issues like a law school exam? /3
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