- Breaks just-in-time production model due to shipping/border delays
- Tariffs on finished vehicles
- Tariffs on car parts
- Rules of origin issues
- Non-tariff barriers to the movements of components
- Dual intellectual property regimes
- Loss of Horizon 2020 funding (10s of £millions went to collaborative projects with auto firms for new research)
- Foreign exchange uncertainties
- Harder to recruit EU workers (10% of manufacturing staff)
- Dual environmental regimes (UK & EU)
- Uncertainty making future model production decisions more difficult
- Loss of influence over future regulations/standards
Now try saying "it's nothing to do with Brexit"!