1/x Just can't shake my disappointment in yesterday's #CDC school opening guidelines: "Operational Strategy for #K12 Schools through Phased Mitigation"

A 🧵 with other thoughts, links, practical tips wrt #school COVID airborne health, beyond CDC guidance.
nytimes.com/2021/02/12/hea…
2/ First, here is the link to updated #K12 guidelines, as well as a few other key #CDC pages (w/ last update as of today).

K12 update (2/12): cdc.gov/coronavirus/20…

How COVID spreads (10/28/20): cdc.gov/coronavirus/20…

Ventilation in buildings (2/9): cdc.gov/coronavirus/20…
3/ So many lines of thought to follow, but I will direct you to short thread yesterday by @CorsIAQ for a good summary. The gist is simply that the #CDC guidelines leave out some of the most important, obvious help b/c they ignore the airborne component.
4/ The decision to open schools is complex, controversial, & emotional. Everyone wants students & teachers to be safe. The gist of all reputable reports on school re-opening is a layered approach, but critical to address the airborne component of spread.
schools.forhealth.org/risk-reduction…
5/ With seemingly limitless access to basic knowledge on the importance of limiting airborne spread of COVID, aerosol-knowledgeable scientists are just pulling out their hair that the CDC guidelines basically ignore this critical piece of the puzzle.
english.elpais.com/society/2020-1…
6/ “CDC’s operational strategy is grounded in science & the best available evidence” Dr. Rochelle Walensky, CDC director

Unfortunately, I don't yet agree. I was so hopeful we had turned a corner with the new #CDC admin.

Article via @apoorva_nyc et al.
nytimes.com/2021/02/12/hea…
7/ New #CDC school guidelines discuss various key processes to have in place, but only mentions "ventilation" in one line and never uses the word 'airborne', 'aerosol' and never hints further at the idea that virus could (much less, likely will) be transmitted beyond 6 ft.
8/ Mortally dangerous oversites by these #CDC guidelines remove encouragement for schools to do the right (& often easy) things to improve airborne safety. See detailed guides above (Tw4) by @HarvardChanSPH @j_g_allen.

Simple example: Install portable air FILTERS in classrooms.
9/ Tons of info available on airborne safety in schools. Here's another on the subject that also discusses portable air filtration & other tips via @j_g_allen.

From October, by @MarkALieberman
edweek.org/leadership/air…
10/ Today, @polsiewski made a nice thread on the importance of air filters, also borne out of frustration about the #CDC guidelines.
11/ Earlier this week I made a thread highlighting the importance of portable air filtration in classrooms. This 👇 shows data from a study where HEPA filters were used in a HS classroom; I also included other helpful practical tips & links.
12/ This is an oft-shared guide for choosing portable air filters for classrooms and other indoor spaces.

Interactive tool by: @j_g_allen @cedenolaurent @ShellyMBoulder
docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d…
13/ And there are lots of relatively inexpensive ways to supplement filtration as well. You may have seen various examples of these #boxfilter fans, which also can do an excellent job of removing particles from air.

covidstraighttalk.org/boxfanairfilter
14/ A great thing about air filtration (central or portable) is that it also reduces harmful particles of all kinds (airborne virus, air pollution, wildfire smoke). Lots of evidence to school health benefits.

Example, by @mattyglesias (from Jan 2020)
vox.com/2020/1/8/21051…
15/ Lots of other threads pouring out thoughts and frustrations about these new #CDC guidelines. Here is a useful one from @DrEricDing:
16/ And another thread of useful thoughts from @apoorva_nyc:
17/ For decisions about COVID school safety, we need to pay much more attention to spread through the air than via surfaces. Misguided focus on deep-cleaning leads to #hygienetheater and a false sense of security.

Nice article by @dyanilewis
nature.com/articles/d4158…
18/ We also need to focus on #bettermasks, encouraging both good FILTRATION and FIT. Again, countless articles and resources here. I gathered a thread of links and practical tips here recently:
19/ In contrast, do NOT rely on plexiglass or other barriers to prevent air spread. These can stop sprayed drops from hitting your face, but won't stop small aerosols that flow like smoke.

An article on the subject by @jvchamary: forbes.com/sites/jvchamar…

20/ Unfortunately, this struggle with the #CDC is not new. Here is just a sampling of the back-and-forth evolution through parts of last year on general guidelines wrt COVID spread through:
21/ I can empathize with this perspective of the public's frustrated confusion about masks, ventilation, school guidelines, etc.

Via @BumblinBookworm
22/ The confusion from the #CDC guidelines (and far beyond) makes me whimsically think of how Horton from #DrSeuss might have been treated had he detected an airborne virus and not a tiny 'Who'. #COVIDisAirborne
23/ Ultimately, the CDC is making progress since the depths of last year, but much progress remains. The lives of our children, teachers, & communities still hang in balance. As @CorsIAQ wisely encouraged yesterday

"Keep moving forward, even when others are moving backward."
24/ Another really excellent thread on filtration and ventilation in schools just came out from @CorsIAQ.

These are not intractable problems. Prof. Corsi & others have been doing this work and shouting about it for a long time. The trick is to listen.

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More from @HuffmanLabDU

11 Feb
1/ Interesting paper showing high efficacy of portable HEPA #filtration to reduce aerosol concentration in a high school classroom during use.

By very experienced German aerosol group Curtius et al.; via @ASTJournal.

With short🧵on room air filtration.
doi.org/10.1080/027868…
2/ "In times when classes were conducted with windows and door closed, the aerosol concentration was reduced by more than 90% within less than 30 min. when running the purifiers (air exchange rate 5.5 ACH). The reduction was homogeneous throughout the room ..."
[note log y-scale]
3/ Figure 3: Highly reproducible reduction in aerosol particle concentration [uCPC] in a closed classroom without air purifiers (blue line) and with 3 or 4 air purifiers operating at speed 3 or 4 (max).
Read 15 tweets
10 Feb
1/ You've surely seen constant recent messaging & articles imploring you to improve quality of both #mask fit & filtration, in part b/c of worrying COVID variants.

Good news that the #CDC is catching up w/ those messaging efforts w/ updated guidance today.

Short 🧵 of links.
2/ Another good summary thread of the CDC changes; by @AbraarKaran, who has been among ardent supporters lobbying hard for #bettermasks:
3/ One good example summarizing the new #CDC guidance changes on masks, w/ helpful infographics, interviews, and short video w/ CDC chief Dr. Walensky.

By @bylenasun & @FenitN
washingtonpost.com/health/2021/02…
Read 5 tweets
9 Feb
This is why research & #scicomm now about virus transmission is so critical

"We’re going to have to be in a world that is more thoughtful about protecting ourselves from respiratory infection than we have ever had to be before.” Dr. Bloom, @HarvardChanSPH
pri.org/file/2021-02-0…
(Starting at 2:31): “This is a global infection. A mutant or variant anywhere is a threat everywhere. And so we can’t be complacent and say because hopefully we start to do well by summertime in the US we will not be invaded by a new variant. So we really have to ..."
".. continue public health measures: wearing masks, reducing opportunities for spread, and being very careful, because even with vaccines, they’re not perfect, no vaccine has ever been perfect. ..."
Read 7 tweets
5 Feb
1/ In context of extra precautions against new COVID variants, some new questions pop up about #masks.

Article by @cwarzel @zeynep asks/answers some good questions to start. Other thoughts in a 🧵, e.g. N95s, fit (Tw7+ ⬇️), when to replace (Tw25 ⬇️), etc.
nytimes.com/2021/01/29/opi…
2/ Countless recent articles w/ interviews from relevant experts imploring people to still take mask-wearing & overall airborne COVID health seriously.

One of many, here by @skbaer w/ broad contribution. (Tw33 below has link to a compilation of more).
buzzfeednews.com/article/skbaer…
3/ Many good arguments recently towards motivating broader use of #bettermasks, i.e. #N95s. So if not using already, consider.

See e.g. this editorial by @j_g_allen: washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/…

Or this opinion-piece by a group of excellent scientists:
Read 33 tweets
3 Feb
1/ Public admission by @mvankerkhove of #WHO that COVID transmission "goes through the air" is a *huge* turn-around from strong, incorrect statements to the contrary.

Strikes me as significant, even if subtle & played off as "we knew all along."

Full vid
2/ Earlier messages #WHO put out were blatantly wrong & dangerous ⬇️.

Many scientists globally have been working tirelessly to pressure @WHO to retract dangerously misleading statements like this & adequately educate that #COVIDisAirborne.
3/ Again, messaging efforts by WHO are critical b/c of their exposure & reach. By openly saying COVID isn't in the air & having press conferences w/o masks, have been undermining efforts to #MaskUp & prevent spread.

Baby steps today, still work to do!
Read 7 tweets
3 Feb
Updated preprint on COVID risk modeled from respiratory aerosol data

Notice ⬇️:
- No "safe" distance indoors, b/c aerosols travel
- Masks & ventilation increase safe time, but still risk

Graphs: below each line = safer

HT @linseymarr & @kprather88 (1/x)
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
2/ Study used the #WellsRiley model to estimate COVID risk from respiratory aerosols in a variety of scenarios, using particle size distribution data from previous studies.

Quanta: Statistical measure of avg infection probability; bigger value = easier to infect [~1 - e^-quanta]
3/ Bazant & Bush study supports broad consensus of observation & preventative steps:

✅No single action sufficient for COVID prevention
✅Steps compound reduction in risk, but never to zero
✅All important: distance, masks, reduced time, incr. ventilation
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Read 6 tweets

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