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Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
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8 Jan, 4 tweets, 3 min read
New @polybioRF podcast: I interviewed Dr. Alessio Fasano: Chief of the Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition at MassGeneral Hospital for Children. Watch on Youtube () or listen on an App like Spotify (open.spotify.com/episode/3KZGCX…)
2/ Alessio discusses this study: His team showed that in children with MIS-C, #SARS-CoV-2 gut reservoir led to release of zonulin (a biomaker of intestinal permeability) + subsequent trafficking of spike protein to into blood, leading to hyperinflammation: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34032635/ Image
3/ Alessio and team are using a zonulin inhibitor called Larazotide to improve gut permeability/SARS-CoV-2 spike leakage in #MIS-C (the drug may also have antviral properties). They are ready to start a Larazotide trial in #LongCovid too if funded
4/ Beyond that Alessio and I talk about the human #microbiome in general, and especially about how an imbalanced gut microbiome may serve as a form of predisposition to MIS-C, #LongCovid, or other conditions co-morbid with those diagnoses

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Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
28 Dec 21
@kimisgubbed @VirusesImmunity @KaminskiMed @Be_Kinderr @jenbrea @ahandvanish Hey! Well hypoxic tissue cld lead to lower O2 extraction, & infected tissue is often hypoxic. Most intracellular pathogens hijack metabolism of cells they infect & “push” host mitochondrial metabolism to anerobic glycolysis (O2 not being used for OXPHOS): ij.hapres.com/htmls/IJ_1341_…
@kimisgubbed @VirusesImmunity @KaminskiMed @Be_Kinderr @jenbrea @ahandvanish 2/ In fact many intracellular #pathogens either directly or indirectly enhance hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1) stability. HIF-1 is a key glycolytic regulator/transcription factor whose stability reduces reliance on OXPHOS by initiating glycolytic #metabolism
@kimisgubbed @VirusesImmunity @KaminskiMed @Be_Kinderr @jenbrea @ahandvanish 3/ With that in mind @VirusesImmunity, it was interesting that in your brain organoid model, you showed SARS-CoV-2 capable of infecting neurons, where it induced a locally hypoxic environment as measured by staining for HIF-1 alpha: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33433624/
Read 11 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
23 Dec 21
People are asking me: what if we did a similar autopsy study to look for #viruses in ME/CFS? Well, several teams that performed single autopsy studies on #ME/CFS patients found evidence of persistent enterovirus infection in subject brain/body tissue
2/ Enteroviruses are (like SARS-CoV-2) single-stranded RNA viruses. They include the coxsackieviruses, poliovirus, echoviruses + rhinoviruses. These viruses cause about 10–15 million #infections each year in the USA alone
3/ This 1994 ME/CFS autopsy study identified positive PCR sequences with similarity to coxsackievirus B3 in samples from the #brainstem and hypothalamus (and also in muscle and heart tissue): acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/00…
Read 7 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
22 Dec 21
New preprint: The team did autopsies on 44 patients w/ #COVID-19 to map + quantify SARS-CoV-2 distribution, replication and cell-type specificity across the human body (including brain) from acute infection through over 7 months following symptom onset: researchsquare.com/article/rs-113…
2/ They found that #SARS-CoV-2 was widely distributed, even among patients who died with asymptomatic to mild COVID-19. They also detected persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA in multiple anatomic sites, including regions throughout the #brain, for up to 230 days following symptom onset
3/ Persistence of low-level #SARS-CoV-2 RNA was frequently detected across multiple #tissue categories among all late cases patients who passed away after 31 days, despite being undetectable in plasma
Read 10 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
19 Dec 21
New @polybioRF podcast! I interviewed Dr. Resia Pretorius: Department Head/Research Professor at Stellenbosch University in South Africa. Listen on an App like Spotify () or watch on Youtube ()
2/ In the interview Resia talks about how her research team has identified microclots resistant to fibrinolysis + hyperactivated platelets in the blood of #LongCovid patients. We also discuss how we are planning to extend the research to #ME/CFS
3/ When it comes to the LongCovid microclots, Resia describes her earlier research showing that platelets (blood cells that contribute to #clotting) have receptors that recognize a wide range of viral, bacterial, and fungal proteins or products
Read 6 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
7 Dec 21
I want to put this study on everyone's radar b/c I think it's a genuinely cool opportunity for people/patients to get high-quality data on their #SARS-C0V-2 #immune status over time👇 (I have no financial ties to the company).
2/ To be more clear about what the study involves, the @serimmune team will assess each subjects’ individual immune response to SARS-CoV-2 from both natural #infection and #vaccination for up to 5 years.
3/ If you register for the study, Serimmune will send you a sample collection kit that allows you to collect your blood at home. Then you simply mail the sample to their lab using the pre-paid envelope provided.
Read 6 tweets
Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
18 Nov 21
For this new @polybioRF podcast I interviewed Dr. Liisa Selin, professor of pathology at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Listen on an App like Spotify (open.spotify.com/episode/5rdB0G…) or watch on youtube ()
2/ Liisa talks about her work as a #viral immunologist, and how her team recently got an NIH grant to study the role of viral infection and T-cell exhaustion in #ME/CFS. She discusses existing data on the topic and how the research may also inform the #LongCovid disease process
3/ Liisa and team are fundraising to further extend their research to LongCovid. Donate here to support her efforts: classy.org/fundraiser/321…
Read 4 tweets

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